Behavioral Study of 'Non-Opioid' Tolerance

Pain is a response of the body to the action of injuring stimuli. Notwithstanding an unpleasant experience, it appears to be an important component of the defense system of the organism and a permanent regulator of homeostatic reaction. The organism’s reaction to pain is a multi-component one and involves sensory-discriminative, emotional-affective and cognitive characteristics. Clinically, neur...