Electro-Optics and Dielectrics of Macromolecules and Colloids

Some seven years before Kerr''s death, Larmor proposed that electric birefringence had its origin in the orientation of anisotropic molecules or elements within the apparently isotropic medium. The theory for this concept was formulated by Langevin. During the next half century, occasional measurements were made both to characterise the phenomenon and to evaluate the relevant physico-chemical para...