Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages

In The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages, Geraldine Heng questions the common assumption that the concepts of race and racisms only began in the modern era. Examining Europe''s encounters with Jews, Muslims, Africans, Native Americans, Mongols, and the Romani (''Gypsies''), from the 12th through 15th centuries, she shows how racial thinking, racial law, racial practices, and racial phe...