Late Ottoman Society

When the Ottomans commenced their modernizing reforms in the 1830s, they still ruled over a vast empire. In addition to today''s Turkey, including Anatolia and Thrace, their power reached over Mesopotamia, North Africa, the Levant, the Balkans, and the Caucasus. The Sultanate was at the apex of a truly multi-ethnic society. Modernization not only brought market principles to the economy and more c...