Operational Art In The Defense: The German Abwehrschlachten In 1918

The stalemate in World War I created the need for a solution to escape this resource intense form of warfare. Following five unsuccessful German offenses in early 1918, the Germans found themselves in a solely defensive scenario conducting defensive battles, named “Abwehrschlachten.”

Based on the findings of previous research on these offensives, the monograph analyzes German operational thinking a...