Ottoman Fake

Coins, notes, fats, oils, soda waters, teas and wines, dyes and medicines, diplomas, certificates, patents and titles... Fakes were everywhere in the late Ottoman world. Did anyone care? As this book shows, calls to "e;discriminate the true from the fake,"e; a founding motto of philological practice from the 16th century onwards, prompted many encounters between forgers and bureaucrats in the late...