Periorbital Hyperpigmentation and Infraorbital Bags: Clinical Science, Physiological Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approaches for Under-Eye Rejuvenation

Periorbital hyperpigmentation and under-eye bags are common concerns, but they are not always caused by the same thing. Dark circles can result from pigmentation, visible blood vessels, thin skin, shadows created by facial structure, or a combination of several factors. Under-eye puffiness can also have different causes, including fluid retention, changes in fat distribution, and age-related chang...