THE HANDCUFFED ELECTION: Tanzania's 2025 General Election: A Study in Institutional Constraint and Democratic Contestation Volume 9 of 12

What happens when a democracy functions formally but fails substantively?Tanzania's 2025 general election exposed a political system marked by deep tension: courts issued sweeping injunctions, opposition leaders faced treason charges, citizens disappeared without explanation, and security forces responded forcefully to unrest. Yet millions still voted, religious leaders called for peace, and civil...