Tipping Points, Cascading Impacts, and Interacting Risks in the Earth System

Earth is a complex system, with myriad interactions and feedbacks among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere, as well as the people, institutions, and technologies that respond to and influence these dynamics. A systems-based approach to scientific research can yield understanding across all aspects of Earth''s interconnected processes. Earth systems studies rest on ca...