Tribes and the State in Libya and Iraq

Regime change in Libya (2011) and Iraq (2003) catapulted a host of sub-state actors to the fore, including tribes, which have emerged as influential political, security and social actors. But despite this increased role and visibility, tribes remain poorly understood. Often mistakenly associated with the ''periphery'' or with ''pre-national'' or ''pre-modern'' forms of political organisation, they...