Turuq and Turuq-Linked Institutions in Nineteenth-Century Egypt

Turuq and turuq-linked institutions by Frederick De Jong was first published in 1978. It is largely based on research in public and private archives in Cairo, and on published materials in limited circulation. This study became highly influential in its field. De Jong describes the development of the administration and organization of the turuq and turuq-linked institutions (takaya, zawaya, and sh...