Chemical biology

Vascular management and care has become a truly multidisciplinary enterprise as the number of specialists involved in the treatment of patients with vascular diseases has steadily increased.

Post-translational protein modifications by members of the ubiquitin family are widely recognized as important regulatory control systems for a variety of biological pathways.

Fundamental to the development and vital functions of organisms, the migration of motile cells due to the detection of shallow gradients of specific chemical signals in their environments, or chemotaxis, can be clearly seen as a major force in cell biology.

In both vertebrates and invertebrates, Hedgehog signaling regulates the development of the tissues and structures of the body.

The last fifteen years have witnessed the birth and maturation of many original methods and the development of protocols specific to single molecule measurements and their analysis, including techniques involving optical imaging, electron microscopy, optical and magnetic trapping, and developments in atomic force microscopy.

This volumeprovides the reader with recent advances in the fields of molecular toxinology,the biotechnological applications of venom toxins, and antivenom production.

Lipid Signaling Protocols assembles in a single volume the various tools and methodologies needed by the interested investigator to unravel lipid dependent signaling and cell function.

This volume provides an overview of the biochemical characterization, structure-function studies, proteomics, bioinformatics, molecular biology, transcriptomics and genomics of various spider species.

Drug metabolism and transport are very important facets within the discipline of pharmaceutical sciences, with enzyme kinetic concepts utilized regularly in characterizing and modeling the disposition and elimination of drugs.

Efforts to describe and model the molecular structure of biological membranes go back to the beginning of the last century.

The recent expansion in diversity of RNA and DNA editing types has stimulated the development of many unique genetic, molecular, biochemical, and computational approaches to biological issues.

Even though they are present in nature, non-proteinogenic amino acids are usually defined as unnatural or non-natural.

Lipases are the most applied enzymes in organic synthesis due to their broad substrate acceptance and because of the availability of the molecular, biochemical, themodynamical and solvent engineering tools, which allows the optimization of lipases and lipase-catalyzed reactions.

Metabolic Flux Analysis: Methods and Protocols opens up the field of metabolic flux analysis to those who want to start a new flux analysis project but are overwhelmed by the complexity of the approach.

In both vertebrates and invertebrates, Hedgehog signaling regulates the development of the tissues and structures of the body.

This volume provides an overview of the biochemical characterization, structure-function studies, proteomics, bioinformatics, molecular biology, transcriptomics and genomics of various spider species.

Essential in biological functions like cell signaling and, when disturbed, a likely cause of disease, lipids have proven to be a vital force in cell biology.

This volume expands upon the previous edition with current, detailed protocols for investigating membranes and their component lipids in artificial membranes, cells, and in silico.

Scorpions have fascinated humans for a long time, first and foremost because of the harm the sting of a few species could cause but also due to their unique natural history and for the many biologically active compounds found in their venoms.

Whether the pursuit is commercially motivated or purely academic, engineering a novel biological catalyst is an enticing challenge.

This volume, in its over two dozen chapters, constitutes an overview of the current plant toxin research.

Biological membranes are the essential structuring elements of all living cells.

Lipid Signaling Protocols assembles in a single volume the various tools and methodologies needed by the interested investigator to unravel lipid dependent signaling and cell function.

Efforts to describe and model the molecular structure of biological membranes go back to the beginning of the last century.

For most of industrial applications, enzymes and cells have to be immobilized, via very simple and cost-effective protocols, in order to be re-used for very long periods of time.

This volume deals mainly with the specialized aspect of toxins and drug discovery.

Due to their importance to cell biology, DNA topology-altering enzymes, collectively DNA topoisomerases and gyrases, have been studied thoroughly from a biochemical perspective, yet the expansion of research at the molecular and cellular levels continues to show a great deal of promise.

Metalloproteins are involved in many key biological processes such as gas transport and metabolism, photosynthesis, cell respiration, the Krebs cycle and many other vital redox reactions.

Few problems in protein biochemistry have proven to be as challenging and recalcitrant as the molecular description of nitrogenase, the catalyst of one of the most remarkable chemical transformations in biological systems: the nucleotide-dependent reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen to bioavailable ammonia.

Up to 80% of chronic and recurrent human bacterial infections are caused by bacterial biofilms, which are extremely hard to cure.

This volume contains a section on the wider evolutionary context of venom in animals, the molecular evolutionary processes involved in generating diversity, and the concept of venom evolution as being driven by an arms race that also involves evolution of resistance to toxins by prey.

Over the past thirty years, many elegant genetic and biochemical approaches have been combined in order to advance the study of protein secretion and the necessary navigation through cell membranes, yet, despite this progress, less than two hundred membrane protein structures are known, nowhere near the complete inventory that the discovered protein export systems suggest.

Efforts to describe and model the molecular structure of biological membranes go back to the beginning of the last century.

Since the discovery of a collagen-degrading protease in the tadpole tail in 1962, matrix metalloproteinase research has led to the discovery of more than twenty distinct vertebrate MMPs, along with a variety of homologues from diverse organisms such as the sea urchin, plants, insects, and nematode worms.

Even though they are present in nature, non-proteinogenic amino acids are usually defined as unnatural or non-natural.

An extensive collection of data on lipids and essential oils that can be extracted from a wide range of plant sources.

At the time of the lightbulb's invention, not even the most imaginative thinkers could have predicted the prevention and treatment of disease through genes delivered by electric fields.

Whether the pursuit is commercially motivated or purely academic, engineering a novel biological catalyst is an enticing challenge.

For most of industrial applications, enzymes and cells have to be immobilized, via very simple and cost-effective protocols, in order to be re-used for very long periods of time.

Drug metabolism and transport are very important facets within the discipline of pharmaceutical sciences, with enzyme kinetic concepts utilized regularly in characterizing and modeling the disposition and elimination of drugs.

Metabolic Flux Analysis: Methods and Protocols opens up the field of metabolic flux analysis to those who want to start a new flux analysis project but are overwhelmed by the complexity of the approach.

In recent years, much information has been revealed concerning the essential role of helicases, the enzymes that utilize the energy derived from nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis to unwind the double stranded helical structure of nucleic acids.

In this second edition methods are described to measure the synthesis of lipids such as the phosphoinositides, ceramides and sphingomyelin, as well as techniques to molecularly characterize the various kinases and phosphatases that regulate the intracellular metabolism of these lipids.

Efforts to describe and model the molecular structure of biological membranes go back to the beginning of the last century.

Metalloproteins are involved in many key biological processes such as gas transport and metabolism, photosynthesis, cell respiration, the Krebs cycle and many other vital redox reactions.

Today, activation endoproteolysis of secretory proteins is recognized as a fundamental biological mechanism of spatial and temporal regulation of protein activity as well as of diversification of protein functions.

Today, activation endoproteolysis of secretory proteins is recognized as a fundamental biological mechanism of spatial and temporal regulation of protein activity as well as of diversification of protein functions.

In recent years, much information has been revealed concerning the essential role of helicases, the enzymes that utilize the energy derived from nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis to unwind the double stranded helical structure of nucleic acids.

This volume presents an overview of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) structure and function.

This volume contains a section on the wider evolutionary context of venom in animals, the molecular evolutionary processes involved in generating diversity, and the concept of venom evolution as being driven by an arms race that also involves evolution of resistance to toxins by prey.