Science funding and policy

Global trends of population growth, rising living standards and the rapidly increasing urbanized world are increasing the demand on water, food and energy.

In a tempestuous narrative that sweeps across five continents and seven centuries, this book explains how a succession of catastrophesfrom the devastating Black Death of 1350 through the coming climate crisis of 2050has produced a relentless succession of rising empires and fading world orders.

In the early twentieth century, an elite group of modern-minded scientists in Germany, led by the eminent organic chemist Emil Fischer, set out to create new centers and open new sources of funding for chemical research.

In recent decades, advances in biomedical research have helped save orlengthen the lives of children around the world.

More than $400 billion worth of products rely on innovations in chemistry.

This book is an extensive survey and critical examination of the literature on the use of expert opinion in scientific inquiry and policy making.

In the past 30 years, the population of prisoners in the United States has expanded almost 5-fold, correctional facilities are increasingly overcrowded, and more of the country's disadvantaged populations—racial minorities, women, people with mental illness, and people with communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, and tuberculosis—are under correctional supervision.

This book is designed to help researchers achieve success in funding their National Science Foundation (NSF) research proposals.

The controversy over teaching evolution or creationism in American public schools offers a policy paradox.

'A virtuoso feat .

A team of world-leading policy experts and clinicians analyse the changing role of the hospital across Europe.

This book dives into the achievements, opportunities, risks and dangers of ICT in the rural Global South, and takes a look at the likely future.

This book investigates the ways in which the mobile telephone has transformed societies around the world, bringing both opportunities and challenges.

Sustaining the New Economy will require public policies that remain relevant to the rapid technological changes that characterize it.

In this book Rajneesh Narula examines the interdependence of globalization and technological innovation at two levels: first, between locations, by examining the role of cross-border initiatives in the innovation process; second, between corporate entities, by studying the dynamics of inter-firm R&D collaboration.

Students often think of science as disconnected pieces of information rather than a narrative that challenges their thinking, requires them to develop evidence-based explanations for the phenomena under investigation, and communicate their ideas in discipline-specific language as to why certain solutions to a problem work.

This report addresses a topic of recognized policy concern.

The political economy of research and innovation (R&I) is one of the central issues of the early twenty-first century.

The U.

Issues involving science, technology, and health (STH) have moved to the forefront of the international diplomatic agenda.

An examination of poverty dynamics and developmental failure, shifting emphasis from development as control to development as coping strategy.

Fifty years into the nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT) regime, the risks of nuclear war, terrorism, and the threat of further proliferation remain.

With thorough analysis and balanced reporting, Ghost Guns: Hobbyists, Hackers, and the Homemade Weapons Revolution is an essential resource for readers seeking to understand the rise of homemade firearms and future options for managing them.

In June 2006, seventeen scientists and educators selected by the National Academies, the Academy of Sciences of Iran, and the Acadmie des Sciences of France held a workshop at the estate of the Fondation des Treilles in Toutour, France, to discuss issues concerning the role of science in the development of modern societies.

This collection of essays by Sheila Jasanoff explores how democratic governments construct public reason, that is, the forms of evidence and argument used in making state decisions accountable to citizens.

The first synoptic history of how the Royal Society faced up to the challenges of continued relevance from 1960 onwards.

Scientific and engineering research is increasingly global, and international collaboration can be essential to academic success.

Successful scientists must be effective communicators within their professions.

A comprehensive, step-by-step guide for students of life and earth sciences applying to graduate school in the United States.

This book analyzes policy fights about what counts as good evidence of safety and effectiveness when it comes to new health care technologies in the United States and what political decisions mean for patients and doctors.

Students often think of science as disconnected pieces of information rather than a narrative that challenges their thinking, requires them to develop evidence-based explanations for the phenomena under investigation, and communicate their ideas in discipline-specific language as to why certain solutions to a problem work.

The Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), passed by Congress in 1993, requires that federal agencies write five-year strategic plans with annual performance goals and produce an annual report that demonstrates whether the goals have been met.

The Nobel Prizes in natural sciences have developed to become a unique measure of scientific excellence.

Provides invaluable guidance on how scientists can communicate the societal benefits of their work to the public and funding agencies.

Canadian Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy presents new critical analysis about related developments in the field such as significantly changed concepts of peer review, merit review, the emergence of big data in the digital age, and the rise of an economy and society dominated by the internet and information.

Over the past 25 years, the United States has made support for the spread of democracy to other nations an increasingly important element of its national security policy.

Review of future climate change for life sciences and environmental science students, and policy-makers.

Innovations create both opportunities and dilemmas.

Utilizing environmental archival materials from the UK, State, Science and the Skies presents a groundbreaking historical account of the development of a state science of atmospheric pollution.

This book examines the risks to freedom of expression, particularly in relation to the internet, as a result of regulation introduced in response to terrorist threats.

Law can keep up with rapid technological change by reflecting our evolving understanding of how humans use language to cooperate.

Following on from previous publications in 1997, 2000 and 2003, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) presents its fourth "e;Funding Ranking"e;, an overview of the distribution of awards to universities and non-university research institutions in Germany.

When digital content and technologies are designed in a way that is inaccessible for persons with disabilities, they are locked out of commerce, education, employment, and access to government information.

Based on the deliberations of a high-level international conference, this report summarizes the presentations of an exceptional group of experts, convened by Intel's Chairman Emeritus Gordon Moore and SEMATECH's Chairman Emeritus William Spencer.

Information Technology has become symbolic of modernity and progress almost since its inception.

Convergence of the life sciences with fields including physical, chemical, mathematical, computational, engineering, and social sciences is a key strategy to tackle complex challenges and achieve new and innovative solutions.

Epistemic communities represent networks of knowledge-based experts that help articulate cause-and-effect relationships of complex problems, define the self-interests of a state, or formulate specific policies for state decision makers.

Minority groups are severely underrepresented in the scientific workforce.

Policy informatics is addressing governance challenges and their consequences, which span the seeming inability of governments to solve complex problems and the disaffection of people from their governments.