Science: general issues

As increasing global population and continuing economic development ensure the need for further production and cultivation of maize, the necessity of the application of transgenic technology to this model species and crop plant grows steadily.

Since the conception of this acclaimed series of volumes examining neural tissue culture, the expansion of neuroscience has continued to produce vital discoveries that utilize tissue culture methodologies.

A comprehensive collection of diverse techniques for the molecular and cellular manipulation of human embryonic stem (hES) cells.

Animal models of schizophrenia and other major psychiatric disorders have been sought for decades, and, as a result, we are now facing new vistas on pathophysiology that could lead to novel therapeutic approaches and even hint at possible preventive strategies.

In view of the numerous failures of clinical trials aimed at improving stroke therapy, the role and potential benefit of experimentally modeling focal cerebral ischemia in rodents has been debated.

The small fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has for over a century now had a large impact on biological and biomedical research; however, our knowledge of the fly brain has lagged significantly behind our understanding of other aspects of its development, physiology, and function.

At some point in their careers, virtually every scientist and technician, as well as many medical professionals, regardless of their area of specialization have a need to utilize cell culture systems.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a bioactive lysophospholipid which has become, in recent years, the focus of much research interest as it has widespread developmental and physio-pathological actions, controlling events within the nervous, reproductive, gastrointestinal, vascular, respiratory, and immune systems, in addition to having a prominent role in cancer, early mammalian embryogenesis, and stem cells.

As the number of sequenced genomes continues to increase, understanding the functions of newly discovered molecules will require greater efficiency and further study within the context of live cells.

Grown exponentially by the genomic revolution, the use of the rat as a model of choice for physiological studies continues in popularity and at a much greater depth of understanding.

With the loss of work days, the price of health care and payments for compensation, litigation, and malpractice, and the overwhelming cost of human suffering, chronic pain syndromes affect humanity enormously on both an economic and personal level.

Fascinating biology occurs at epithelial interfaces, whether between organism and environment or within body compartments, and many diseases inflicting huge personal and societal burdens result from dysfunction of epithelial systems, e.

In Neuronal Cell Culture: Methods and Protocols, the latest aspects of the culture of neural cells are explored by experts in the field who also explain the practical and theoretical considerations of the techniques involved.

Despite the difficulty in comparing clinic-based human tests with animal model testing, there is still great value in pursuing translational approaches, as tests and treatment strategies might be developed to improve brain function in humans suffering from neurological conditions and knowledge obtained from human behavioral studies can be used to further improve the animal models of behavioral analysis.

The growth of the field of eating disorder research has led to a vast array of empirical articles, and the development of new animal models that can be used to study these disorders continues to stimulate new research.

The successful previous volume on this topic provided a detailed benchwork manual for the most commonly used animal models of acute neurological injuries including cerebral ischemia, hemorrhage, vasospasm, and traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries.

In 2010 the global area of transgenic crops reached 148 million hectares, an 87-fold increase since 1996, making it the most rapidly adopted technology in the history of modern agriculture.

This new volume focuses on novel breeding and biotechnological approaches for crop improvement, covering recent advances in molecular breeding and plant breeding, such as pre-breeding, reverse breeding, allele mining, next-generation sequencing, etc.

This new volume focuses on novel breeding and biotechnological approaches for crop improvement, covering recent advances in molecular breeding and plant breeding, such as pre-breeding, reverse breeding, allele mining, next-generation sequencing, etc.

As the research has continued, it has become increasingly clear that natural killer (NK) cells are critical sentinels of the innate immune response, playing important roles in protecting the body from numerous pathogens and cancer in addition to contributing to normal pregnancy and impacting the outcomes of transplantation.

In recent years, our ability to understand and manipulate epidermal cells has increased tremendously, opening significant new possibilities in both basic science research and in regenerative medicine, including would healing and transplantation.

This book is a collection of protocols, to provide novel techniques for the study of the biology of T lymphocytes.

Animal Cell Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition constitutes a comprehensive manual of state-of-the-art and new techniques for setting up mammalian cell lines for production of biopharmaceuticals, and for optimizing critical parameters for cell culture from lab to final production.

During the 20th century Xenopus has flourished as an accessible experimental model system for studying vertebrate biology.

The ability to detect and quantify apoptosis, to understand its biochemistry, and to identify its regulatory genes and proteins is crucial to biomedical research.

Given the vital and far-reaching applications of medicinal plant metabolites worldwide, the quality and consistency of the products as well as the very survival of various species are of the utmost importance.

In light of the critical contributions of macrophages and dendritic cells to diverse inflammatory diseases and to immunity and host defense, state-of-the-art approaches to the investigation of their behavior are essential.

Before the therapeutic potential of cell replacement therapy or the development of therapeutic drugs for stimulating the body's own regenerative ability to repair cells damaged by disease and injury can be fully realized, control of stem cell fate, immuno-rejection, and limited cell sources must be overcome.

Cell death is an essential process in development, and a major contributor to a wide range of human diseases.

Although the available models, whether at the cellular, tissue, or animal level, do not exactly represent the biology of human brain tumors, animal models can offer significant insights into these tumors, providing a better understanding of biological mechanisms underlying tumor generation, growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.

Cancer is a devastating disease that affects millions of people in the world.

To prepare synchronized cells representing different stages of the cell cycle has been a great challenge for researchers across the globe.

One of the major challenges currently facing the scientific community is to understand the function of the multitude of protein-coding genes that were revealed when the human genome was fully sequenced.

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) play an integral role in biomedical research, enabling researchers to examine physiological mechanisms and pathways relevant to human pathogenesis and its therapy.

Exciting work in the past decade has revealed commonalities and differences among individual cell fusion events.

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Almost daily, new technologies are being presented that move the field of human pluripotent stem cell research towards a future that may yield highly-effective, personalized medical treatments.

Following the completion of the mouse and human genome sequences, a major challengeisthefunctionalcharacterizationofeverymammaliangeneandthedeciph- ing of their molecular interaction network.

The second edition of Biological Aging: Methods and Protocols expands upon the previous edition with current, detailed, useful and promising methods currently available to study aging.

The aim of Transgenic Plants: Methods and Protocols is to provide a source of information to guide the reader through a wide range of frequently used, broadly applicable, and easily reproducible techniques involved in the gene- tion of transgenic plants.

With many recent advances, cancer cell culture research is more important than ever before.

Understanding the physical and genetic structure of cereal genomes and how defined coding and non-coding regions interact with the environment to determine a phenotype are key to the future of plant breeding and agriculture.

Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the development of specific neural circuits is not just an intellectual curiosity but also central to our ability to develop therapeutic approaches to repair damaged pathways in the future.

As the presence of genetically modified animal models in research laboratories has multiplied, the role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of brain disorders has become particularly important.

New high throughput techniques in neuroscience and psychiatry have enhanced the development of experimental, customizable animal models that are predictive of human neuropsychiatric pathology and give vital insights on the mechanisms and pathways involved.

Whether the question is one of basic cell survival, or whether it is being used to correlate cell number to some other factor such as matrix synthesis, an estimate of cell viability is universally required.

Quantitative elucidation of structural, energetic and dynamic aspects of macromolecular interactions is indispensable for understanding the functional activities of biomolecules and their interactions.

Human cell culture is not a new topic, but the development of new molecular techniques and reagents which can be used to investigate cell function and the responsible intracellular mechanisms make it a continuing requirement.

Cultured cells have combined accessibility and the ability to expand a homogeneous cell population from a relatively limited source, thus opening up a wealth of possibilities for researchers.