Oncology

Primary and metastasizing malignant carcinoma of the liv- er represent a challenge to both the diagnostician and the therapist.

The incidence of lung cancer has reached epidemic proportions throughout the civilized world.

The present challenge in the treatment of tumors is to reduce the number of patients that still die as a result of primary tumors.

It is a very special honour for me to be able to present this handbook of medical oncology, which under diverse headings and origins covers such a vast spectrum of experience.

One reason for failure to cure solid tumors by surgery appears to be the impossibility of controlling metastases that are present but latent at the time of operation.

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Malignant growth of cells is often characterized by disorganization of tissue structure, abnormal blood vessel development, and insuffi- cient vascular supply.

Predictive drug testing on human tumor cells in order to define the appropriate chemotherapy will remain imperative as long as the anticancer agents available are few in number and show only limited activity.

Much of the attention presently paid to leukemia is the result of recent progress in understanding and treatment.

At first glance it appears that little has happened in our understanding of bronchogenic carcinoma, since five year survival rates have not changed appreciably over the past ten years.

Each year a multidisciplinary symposium on Clinical Oncology is organised by the Royal College of Radiologists in London.

Several papers dealing with the clinical relevance of steroid hormone receptors in breast cancer have already been published.

The life of a human being is finite, and all humans age (see Fries 1980).

This publication brings together a number of papers presented at the Fourth Symposium on Clinical Oncology held at the Royal College of Radiologists, London, in February 1982.

The enormous expansion seen over the last decade in the mammo- graphic detection of breast cancer lesions, especially the use of screen- ing procedures for the early detection of clinically unsuspected tumors, has made it necessary to summarize the experience made by various centers in the world.

Pain is unfortunately not an early symptom in neoplastic diseases.

Substantial relief of discomfort may be anticipated by most patients suffering from pelvic and lower-extremity pain who are treated by arterial infusion of nitrogen mustard.

Since cytotoxic drugs were first developed, their damaging effects on bone marrow have attracted considerable interest.

Transplantation of syngeneic (donor is a monozygous twin) or allogeneic (donor is an HLA-identical sibling) marrow provides the opportunity for aggressive antileukemic therapy without regard to marrow toxicity.

Attempts to influence survival of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) by adjuvant chemotherapy are limited by the variability of survival in different prognostic groups [4] and the paucity of drugs that have shown activity in the advanced disease [10].

The purpose of this monograph is to address the basic mecha- nisms for organizing trials.

In February 1980 the Royal College of Radiologists, London, held its Second Symposium on Clinical Oncology.

The Analog Potential in Cancer Chemotherapy in the United States and Japan S.

Progress in basic research has made it necessary to redetermine the possibility of classic endocrine therapy for the treatment of patients with breast cancer.

The subject of this publication, thyroid cancer, was the topic chosen for the First Symposium on Clinical Oncology, orga- nized by the Royal College of Radiologists, London, on 26 and 27 January 1979.

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We have studied 24 cases of secondarily leukemic (stage V) lymphosarcoma (LS), 31 cases of "e;d'emblee"e; leukemic LS, and ten cases of lymphoid leukemic neoplasias transitional between "e;d'emblee"e; leukemic LS and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (eLL).

Tactics is the art of combining the action of troops or the proper means of different arms with the object of obtaining the maximum success at combat.

The cloning of hemopoietic cells in semisolid medium began some 12 years ago, and when colonies of T = and B = lymphocytes were grown by several groups last year, the last major subclasses of hemopoietic cells had been successfully cultured in vitro.

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Since the first observations of Busch in 1866, the possible use of heat as a therapeutic agent in the cure of cancer has been repeatedly subject to bursts of interest, almost invariably followed by periods of neglect and skepticism.

Fresh living Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BeG), injected i.

Cancer in childhood is a rare disease, but for many reasons attracts interest out of proportion to its frequency.

I would like to thank all my co-workers who have collaborated with me, from 1963 until now, in biological and clinical research in the field of cancer active immunotherapy, of its immuno- prevention and immunorestoration.