Philosophy: logic

It is with great pleasure that we are presenting to the community the second edition of this extraordinary handbook.

Philosophical Problems Today is a new series of publications from the Institut International de Philosophie.

Constructive mathematics is based on the thesis that the meaning of a mathematical formula is given, not by its truth-conditions, but in terms of what constructions count as a proof of it.

Willard VanOrman Quine has probably been the most influential th American philosopher of the 20 century.

The aim of the book is to introduce the reader to some new areas oflogic which have yet to find their way into the bulk of modern logic books written from the more orthodox direction of the mainstream of develop- ments.

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Can OUGHT be derived from IS?

Constructibility and complexity play central roles in recent research in computer science, mathematics and physics.

This monograph is designed to provide an introduction to the principal areas of tense logic.

Substructural logics are by now one of the most prominent branches of the research field usually labelled as "e;nonclassical logics"e; - and perhaps of logic tout court.

From the point of view of non-classical logics, Heyting's implication is the smallest implication for which the deduction theorem holds.

Scare Tactics, the first book on the subject, provides a theory of the structure of reasoning used in fear and threat appeal argumentation.

The subject of the present inquiry is the approach-to-the-truth research, which started with the publication of Sir Karl Popper's Conjectures and Refutations.

Recursive Functions and Metamathematics deals with problems of the completeness and decidability of theories, using as its main tool the theory of recursive functions.

2 first-person point of view, I acknowledge these possible handicaps and try to overcome them.

This volume of papers grew out of a research project on "e;Cross-Linguistic Quantification"e; originated by Emmon Bach, Angelika Kratzer and Barbara Partee in 1987 at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, and supported by National Science Foundation Grant BNS 871999.

The main aim of this book is to present recent ideas in logic centered around the notion of a consequence operation.

Proof Theory of Modal Logic is devoted to a thorough study of proof systems for modal logics, that is, logics of necessity, possibility, knowledge, belief, time, computations etc.

hiS volume in the Synthese Library Series is the result of a conference T held at the University of Roskilde, Denmark, October 31st-November 1st, 1997.

"e;Necessity is the mother of invention.

The two volumes to which this is apreface consist of the Proceedings of the Second International Conference on History and Philosophy of Science.

The papers in this volume address central issues in the study of Plurality and Quantification from three different perspectives: * Algebraic approaches to Plurals and Quantification * Distributivity and Collectivity: Theoretical Foundations * Distributivity and Collectivity: Empirical Investigations Algebraic approaches to the semantics of natural languages were in- dependently introduced for the study of generalized quantification, pred- ication, intensionality, mass terms and plurality.

Philosophical Dimensions of Logic and Science is a collection of outstanding contributed papers presented at the 11th International Congress of Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science held in Krakow in 1999.

Several of the basic ideas of current language theory are subjected to critical scrutiny and found wanting, including the concept of scope, the hegemony of generative syntax, the Frege-Russell claim that verbs like `is' are ambiguous, and the assumptions underlying the so-called New Theory of Reference.

Various students of general linguistics and semantics quote and discuss Wittgenstein, among others, OGDEN and RICHARDS (1960), ULLMANN (1951, 1962), PAGLIARO (1952, 1957), WELLS (1960), REGNELL (1960) and 1 ZIFF (1960).

This volume is a collection of my essays on philosophy of logic from a phenomenological perspective.

The IOth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, which took place in Florence in August 1995, offered a vivid and comprehensive picture of the present state of research in all directions of Logic and Philosophy of Science.

One can distinguish, roughly speaking, two different approaches to the philosophy of mathematics.

Andrea Bottani Massimiliano Carrara Pierdaniele Giaretta What do we do when we do metaphysics?

This collection of essays presents a systematic and up-to-date survey of the main aspects of Georg Henrik von Wright's philosophy, tracing the general humanistic leitmotiv to be found in his vast, varied output.

My impulse when I decided to collect into a single volume the essays on topics in logical theory and related subjects that I have written in the last fifteen years was to borrow from the title of a work by Sextus Empiricus, and call my collection "e;Against the Logicians.

Domains are mathematical structures for information and approximation; they combine order-theoretic, logical, and topological ideas and provide a natural framework for modelling and reasoning about computation.

The present monograph is a slightly revised version of my Habilitations- schrift Proof-theoretic Aspects of Intensional and Non-Classical Logics, successfully defended at Leipzig University, November 1997.

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Proof theory and category theory were first drawn together by Lambek some 30 years ago but, until now, the most fundamental notions of category theory (as opposed to their embodiments in logic) have not been explained systematically in terms of proof theory.

Recent years have been blessed with an abundance of logical systems, arising from a multitude of applications.

This volume, the 6th volume in the DRUMS Handbook series, is part of the after- math of the successful ESPRIT project DRUMS (Defeasible Reasoning and Un- certainty Management Systems) which took place in two stages from 1989-1996.

This volume, the 7th volume in the DRUMS Handbook series, is part of the aftermath of the successful ESPRIT project DRUMS (Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems) which took place in two stages from 1989- 1996.

We are happy to present the second volume of the Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems.

Reasoning under uncertainty is always based on a specified language or for- malism, including its particular syntax and semantics, but also on its associated inference mechanism.

This book contains leading survey papers on the various aspects of Abduction, both logical and numerical approaches.

Goal Directed Proof Theory presents a uniform and coherent methodology for automated deduction in non-classical logics, the relevance of which to computer science is now widely acknowledged.

Fuzzy Sets, Logics and Reasoning about Knowledge reports recent results concerning the genuinely logical aspects of fuzzy sets in relation to algebraic considerations, knowledge representation and commonsense reasoning.

Surprisingly, modified versions of the confirmation theory (Carnap and Hempel) and truth approximation theory (Popper) turn out to be smoothly sythesizable.