Other technologies and applied sciences

This nontechnical overview of developments in nuclear arms control describes how the United States and the Soviet Union arrived at their present positionsand where they might go from here.

The Earth is a dynamic planet whose changes and variations affect our communications, energy, health, food, housing, and transportation infrastructure.

This workshop report examines the capability of the forecast system to efficiently transfer weather and climate research findings into improved operational forecast capabilities.

Can we design an oil tanker that meets our complex demands for environmental protection, economical operation, and crew safety?

This volume includes 14 papers from the National Academy of Engineering's Tenth Annual U.

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has operated continuously since 1990.

Extending the spatial and temporal boundaries of human space flight are important goals for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), yet human space flight remains an endeavor with substantial risks.

The availability of land bases from which to launch and maintain military, diplomatic, and humanitarian relief operations is becoming increasingly uncertain because of physical or political constraints.

Naval Analytical Capabilities assesses current Department of Defense initiatives and the Department of the Navy's progress in transitioning from a requirements-based to a capabilities-based organization.

In February 2004, the President announced a new goal for NASA; to use humans and robots together to explore the Moon, Mars, and beyond.

The Navy has put forth a new construct for its strike forces that enables more effective forward deterrence and rapid response.

Are the nation's ports adequate for our present and future needs?

NASA's Human Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS) program within the Office of Space Flight has proposed a new framework for space technology and systems developmentAdvanced Systems, Technology, Research, and Analysis (ASTRA) for future space flight capabilities.

For the past three decades, it has been possible to measure the earth's static gravity from satellites.

Geodesy has undergone technological and theoretical changes of immense proportions since the launching of Sputnik.

Over the past four years more than three-quarters of a million tourists have viewed the colorful coral-lined seas off the U.

The report reviews NASA's solid-earth science strategy, placing particular emphasis on observational strategies for measuring surface deformation, high-resolution topography, surface properties, and the variability of the earth's magnetic and gravity fields.

The system of satellites in place to provide environmental data-data to monitor events such as forest fires and floods; to make weather predictions; and to assess crops, transportation impacts, fisheries, land-use patterns, sea temperature, and soil moisture, among other things- serves a wide and growing array of users.

Principal-investigator (PI) Earth science missions are small, focused science projects involving relatively small spacecraft.

The Committee for the Review of NASA's Pioneering Revolutionary Technology (PRT) Program and its three supporting panels were charged by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) with assessing the overall scientific and technical quality of the PRT program and its component programs, along with their associated elements and individual research tasks.

As part of its ongoing commitment to the nation's space program, NASA's medical leadership asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to review specific aspects of the scientific basis, policies, and procedures associated with the Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health (LSAH).

Ever since the completion of the Apollo program, there has been a lack of consensus about the future of human spaceflight.

The U.

This volume, The Sun to the Earth-and Beyond: Panel Reports, is a compilation of the reports from five National Research Council (NRC) panels convened as part of a survey in solar and space physics for the period 2003-2013.

For thirty years the NASA microgravity program has used space as a tool to study fundamental flow phenomena that are important to fields ranging from combustion science to biotechnology.

Some 600 pipe bomb explosions have occurred annually in the United States during the past several years.

Effective science, clearly a mandate for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), involves asking significant questions about the physical and biological world and seeking definitive answers.

Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space was written in response to a request from NASA's Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications (OLMSA) to evaluate its Advanced Human Support Technology Program.

The Space Studies Board of the National Research Council (NRC) serves as the primary adviser to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on planetary protection policy, the purpose of which is to preserve conditions for future biological and organic exploration of planets and other solar system objects and to protect Earth and its biosphere from potential extraterrestrial sources of contamination.

The granting of offsets to promote exports of major aircraft systems has been a source of significant controversy.

Construction of the international space station, scheduled to start in late 1998, ushers in a new era for laboratory sciences in space.

This book assesses the state of practice and use of ship-bridge simulators in the professional development and licensing of deck officers and marine pilots.

Rapid progress in information and communications technologies is dramatically enhancing the strategic role of information, positioning effective exploitation of these technology advances as a critical success factor in military affairs.

The frontier represented by the near solar system confronts humanity with intriguing challenges and opportunities.

Technology has propelled the atmospheric sciences from a fledgling discipline to a global enterprise.

The space shuttle is a unique national resource.

Network-Centric Naval Forces: A Transition Strategy for Enhancing Operational Capabilities is a study to advise the Department of the Navy regarding its transition strategy to achieve a network-centric naval force through technology application.

Laboratory facilities are complex, technically sophisticated, and mechanically intensive structures that are expensive to build and to maintain.

The past decade has seen a remarkable revolution in genomic research, the discoveries of extreme environments in which organisms can live and even flourish on Earth, the identification of past and possibly present liquid-water environments in our solar system, and the detection of planets around other stars.

Extending the life of an airframe has proven challenging and costly.

One of the highest-priority activities in the planetary sciences identified in published reports of the Space Studies Board's Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX) and in reports of other advisory groups is the collection and return of extraterrestrial samples to Earth for study in terrestrial laboratories.

In March 2000, NASA's Office of Space Flight asked the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board of the National Research Council to perform an independent assessment of the space solar power program's technology investment strategy to determine its technical soundness and its contribution to the roadmap that NASA has developed for this program.

In 1986, the FFC requested that the NRC appoint a committee to examine the field and propose ways by which the POE process could be improved to better serve public and private sector organizations.

The Office of Naval Research (ONR) contracted with the Naval Studies Board (NSB) of the National Research Council (NRC) to establish a committee to review ONR's Aircraft Technology Program (ATP).

In its fiscal year 2002 budget summary document the Bush administration expressed concernbased in part on the findings and conclusions of two National Research Council studiesabout recent trends in the federal funding of astronomy and astrophysics research.