Literature: history and criticism

The book of mediation between Al -Mutanabbi and his opponents of Judge Ali bin Abdul Aziz Al -Jarjani is the fruit of what was raised by the poetry of Abi Al -Tayeb Al -Mutanabbi from a wide critical movement in the fourth century AH, after the effects of that battle that revolved around the poetry of Abu Tammam and Al -Bahtari in the third century AH.

"Amin al -Rihani" is one of the people whose poetry is a large part of their lives, and it is a fixed part of their daily lives, so that it cannot be overcome, and it is also known that all literature in general is the life of Amin al -Rihani, in his book "You are the Poets", it is given Amin Al -Rihani is a lesson in poetry for all poets, and his lessons in the form of wonderful wills, numbering twenty -one wills, and they constitute a luminous beacon that illuminates the path of transients in the way of poetry, so whoever adheres to the poets with these commandments, will have followed the path of modernity in Arabic poetry, as discussed In his book, many poetic issues such as the position and value of poetry in the homeland, as well as clarify the differences between the poet and the philosopher, where Rihani confirms their meeting, after he provides many examples of the philosophers of poets and poets of philosophers, and in the end the author discusses the feasibility of some topics that exist in poetry Like the wailing and crying in modern Arabic poetry, because it opens the way for the colonizer to occupy the country, as it is considered a tradition of old poets, so his book is considered a cry of protest against the crying, crying literature, and he won many echoes

Poetic necessity is to preserve the weight of the hair calling for the permissibility of what is not permissible in prose, and it is for the ten most matters of what is in the hair attributed to Zamakhshari: "The necessity of the hair is ten.

The book is a dictionary of Ma'an to perform the concepts that do not attend the writer, schools and student, accurate words to express them, in which Sheikh Ibrahim Al -Yaziji collected from the Arabic words their synonyms, to prepare for the writers, students and students a rich linguistic field that picks from its fruits, so that they do not fall into a deficit during Their writings will restore the words of the dictionary and the dictionary.

Nafeh book for beginners and applicants in the science of shows in which the author explained the science of shows, which was discovered by Hebron bin Ahmed, explaining the method of cutting, the weights of the seas, the circles, and other matters related to the science of shows.

The arts of literature, and the sciences of the tongue of the Arabs are among the most honorable things that must be spent to acquire the chances of time.

The book "The conclusion of the punishment for pun and use" for Salah al -Din al -Safadi comes to be organized in the rhetorical and critical literature of the scientific value of our literary heritage, as it is the first book on rhetorical heritage that tracks a stylistic phenomenon that is the pun, a historical dependent in various Islamic ages, knows it, and transmits it The sayings of the scholars in it, and it is more likely among their opinions; Therefore, Al -Safadi was marked by his book by breaking the conclusion, and this is a symbolic significance.

The book of imagination in Arabic poetry and literary studies is an important and valuable references for those interested in studying personalities and scientists; Where the book of imagination is included in Arabic poetry and literary studies within the scope of the books of personalities, flags, scholars and branches closely related to the translations, history sciences and social thought

The book of invitations and fake chapters in the original manuscript is the manuscript to the masterpiece of the envelope and the fruit of kindness and a favorable fruit for the fox in the circle of attention of specialists in the field of Arabic language in particular and researchers in relevant issues in general; Where the book of invitations and fake chapters in its title originally enters the manuscript to the masterpiece of the envelope and the fruit of the kind and the favorable fruit is a mistake for the fox within the scope of language science and the documentation of other specializations such as poetry, linguistic rules, literature, rhetoric, and Arabic literature.

It is an explanation of the poem in which the history of the days of the donkeys and the elaboa of Yemen was deposited and followed up, and the glories and civilizations in those ages, and the events and industries, were lost, and their news was lost, and we only reached the easy thing.

The book explaining the writer's literature for Al -Jawaliki in the field of Arabic language in particular and researchers in the academic branches related to general in general, as it falls within the scope of Arabic language science and the documentation of other specializations such as linguistic rhetoric, Arabic literature, poetry, prose and other linguistic topics that concern the learner in this field.

"When he presented the credit from Khorasan, Jaafar asked him to make our father the giving of poets and distinguished what he congratulates from poetry, and he did, and he gave them their ranks and classes.

The book that is in our hands comes within the books of Ibn al -Mabardad, which is a chapter from the book "The Picnic of the Traveler in the News of Majnoun Bani Amer", which includes all the news of Laila Al -Akhiliya, the news of its beloved repentance, and the story of their love.

It is more likely that this book is a Moroccan book in literature that belongs to the Moroccan Fatimid era, and it is unique in mentioning some human aspects that indicate a deep experience of life among a group of the first scholars of the nation such as Al -Fahrahidi and Ibn Al -Urabi, Ibn Al -Anbari and Abi Amr bin Al -Ala.

The book of thefts of Al -Mutanabbi and the problem of its meanings in the circle of the interest of specialists in Arabic language sciences and literature specifically and researchers in relevant issues in general; Where the book of thefts of Al -Mutanabbi and the problem of its meanings is located within the scope of the specialization of language science and the documentation of other branches such as poetry, grammatical rules, exchange, literature, rhetoric, and Arabic literature.

A book that combines a party among the names of poets that people get to know and add the names that are similar and the titles that bring them together.

The book of Gold in criticizing the poems of the Arabs, written by Abu Ali al -Hassan bin Rashiq, known as Kairouani, is a poetic critic who has several births, including the mayor in the manufacture and criticism of poetry.

The book of criticism of poetry is explained by Qamama bin Jaafar, the beginning of the influence of the Greek culture on Arab criticism.

Excerpts from the Book of Plain, Tales of the Parasites, their news, the anecdotes of their words and their poems to Al -Khatib Al -Baghdadi, and the goal of its authored by the book, to enter joy and pleasure on the soul, and to recite it after the trouble of collecting, and the mind is in reading, authorship and lesson.

An orphan of eternity in the poets of the people of the times is the most famous and for the authorship of Abu Mansour Al -Thaalabi, which exceeded the eighty book, and the first book in the translations of poets is based on the division of the regions.

In this study, Mustafa Abdel Razek is presented to one of the imams of the poetic renaissance, in the Fatimid and Ayobi ages, which is "Al -Baha Zuhair", the owner of the miserable sense, and the pure Egyptian style in writing poetry and selecting topics.

The book of al -Jaman necklaces in the pioneers of the poets of this time, famous for the contracts of Al -Juman in the poetry of this time in the circle of the interest of specialists in the scope of Arabic language sciences in particular, and those researchers in the topics close to general in general; Where the book of al -Jaman necklaces enter into the pioneers of the poets of this time, which is famous for the contracts of Al -Juman in the poetry of this time within the scope of language science and the documentation of other specializations such as poetry, linguistic rules, literature, rhetoric, and Arabic literature.

The book "The Arab Writers in the Andalusian Epity" by Boutros Al -Bustani, this book talks about the great diversity of literary production in the era of the Abbasid state, and how the concerted events in which this state passed has affected the literary scene a lot, as the Abbasid literature represented a direct reflection of the social and religious reality And the politician, as the Alawites had demanded the caliphate, so many poets took their support and the saying of poetry in this such as "Dabab al -Khuza'i", and that the social life that prevailed in the state at that time had greatly affected the literary trends, where "populism" appeared.

This book comes in response to the book "In Pre -Islamic Poetry", Layha Hussein, who was roasted with a severe criticism and sparked a cultural movement that caused by those many articles issued in the Egyptian newspapers, so he accepted the readers of readers, especially those intellectuals, to read all this that they published and absorbed and added to it Their intellectual outcome, and spread among the people, whether the book reads from them and those who did not read it.

The end of the Arabs in the art of literature is a literary encyclopedia accomplished by the Egyptian historian Shihab al -Din al -Nuwairi before the year 721 AH.

The book reveals this critical writer's personality on the one hand.

The end of the Arabs in the art of literature is a literary encyclopedia accomplished by the Egyptian historian Shihab al -Din al -Nuwairi before the year 721 AH.

The real intellectual always senses responsibility towards his nation and her issues, working to present her problems and alert her seriousness and then suggest the necessary solutions to remove them, which was done by the great writer "Taha Hussein" throughout his life, as he stopped his pen to serve Arabic literature by studying and investigating; Because he realized that literature is the incubator of the nation's heritage and an important source of studying its history, as it expresses its soul and the philosophy of its children, and even reflects their tastes.

Abdel Aziz Al -Bishri deals in his book "Al -Mukhtar", which are articles and texts from the short story, several issues in Arabic literature and the stages of its development, and the place of literature in Egypt, as he talks about the struggle of the Arabic language for the sake of life and the advancement, the art of storytelling and criticism in Arabic literature, and a presentation of the issue of rhetoric and its complexity Then you develop it, but in the description, he dealt with two characters: Ismail Sabri and Shawky, and translated a number of his contemporaries who represented several directions between politics, thought, literature and music.

It is a book in criticism, written by the Arab Islamic thinker Ahmed Amin, which is a precise reference, as it included multiple issues related to literary criticism, and he talked about his principles, the analytical foundations of critical theories, the purpose of its study, and its association with art and science.

The workbook Abu Jaafar bin Ismail Al -Nahhas in this book talks about the manufacture of writers and writers and its conditions.

This book was limited to its author to explain the poetic evidence contained in the book Hamaa Al -Hawaa and between the place of the witness that the compiler wanted, and he also mentioned those who were cited by the non -compiler and the place of the witness who wanted, and completed what was incomplete from the verses, and attributed it to its saying and the place of its existence if it was found.

"Tawfiq Al -Hakim" is a book written by Ismail Adham and Ibrahim Nagy, a critical study, which came in two parts, the first of which was written by Adham, where he presented a literary study in Tawfiq Al -Hakim that depends on the methods of analytical and methodological research.

The end of the Arabs in the art of literature is a literary encyclopedia accomplished by the Egyptian historian Shihab al -Din al -Nuwairi before the year 721 AH.

"Taha Hussein" wrote these chapters as if he was speaking to his listeners in one of his radio meetings, so it came as it was said, to read them as if he was sitting next to you, telling about the Arab poets and their ropes; The writer did not want when he wrote and sent it to the magazines "Politics" and "Jihad" to become a book that people circulate and take it as a reference for Arab literature with its pre -Islamic, Islamic and modern eras, but it has become so, perhaps without his desire.

The end of the Arabs in the art of literature is a literary encyclopedia accomplished by the Egyptian historian Shihab al -Din al -Nuwairi before the year 721 AH.

"This is the book of summarizing in knowing the names and identification of things, and the explanation of their types and arts that the general literature lacks in general, and it needs to be mastered and preserved.

The book of the body of Qatar Al -Nada and the Echo is entered into the circle of the interest of specialists in Arabic language sciences and its literature, and those researchers in relevant issues in general; Where the book of the body of Qatar dew and the echo is located within the scope of language sciences and the documentation of other branches such as poetry, grammatical rules, drainage, literature, rhetoric, and Arabic literature

The book objection book on the condition - Ibn Hisham Al -Ansari entered into the circle of attention of researchers in the field of Arabic language in particular and students of relevant specializations in general where the book objection book on the condition - Ibn Hisham Al -Ansari falls within the scope of the specialization Arabic literature, poetry, prose and other linguistic topics that concern the learner in this field.

Poetry is the fruit of speech, the most artistic use of the vocabulary of the language, and it was known as "weighted words rhythmic" in one of its most common definitions, and it was very interesting by writers and critics, but historians and human scholars as well.

The book "Ihi al -Qalam" is a literary work by Mustafa Sadiq Al -Rafii, and it is considered one of the most beautiful things that Al -Rafii wrote, the book consists of three parts that are a group of his critical and construction articles inspired by contemporary social life, stories and Islamic history scattered in many Egyptian newspapers and magazines at the beginning of the century The past, such as: Al -Risala, Al -Muayyad newspaper, Al -Rajal, Al -Muqtaqat, Politics, and others.

A literary book that is considered one of the most important books of literature and the most famous of them throughout the ages, as Abu Tammam wrote it during his famous journey to Khorasan, including a large group of prose and poetic literary choices, so he placed it in special chapters.

It is known that every universal fact is the people to enter into the world of poetry if its dye is the emotion of man and its imagination.

The end of the Arabs in the art of literature is a literary encyclopedia accomplished by the Egyptian historian Shihab al -Din al -Nuwairi before the year 721 AH.

Taha Hussein had what could be considered a special cultural project, in which he sought to study the arts of ancient Arabic literature, a critical study, on discreet scientific foundations, liberated from all pre -biases, and was distinguished by its boldness in criticizing the constants, which dragged many problems and clashes between him and between him and between him Political, religious and academic institutions; He was accused by heresy and ignorance, as he was far from his job at university, and he did not blame his scientific insistence towards reaching the truth.

This book was limited to its author to explain the poetic evidence contained in the book Hamaa Al -Hawaa and between the place of the witness that the compiler wanted, and he also mentioned those who were cited by the non -compiler and the place of the witness who wanted, and completed what was incomplete from the verses, and attributed it to its saying and the place of its existence if it was found.

The book "Shawky" to Amin Al -Gemayel talks about the poet of the princes, and the prince of poets, Ahmed Shawky, who was known to be a great poet.

The book reveals this critical writer's personality on the one hand.

Al -Wahidi's explanation of Al -Mutanabi's Bureau entered into the circle of attention of specialists in the field of Arabic language in particular and researchers in relevant issues in general; Where the book explaining Al -Wahidi to the Diwan al -Mutanabbi within the scope of language science and the documentation of other specializations such as poetry, grammar, literature, rhetoric, and Arabic literature.

Perhaps many have not heard of the Turkish writer and poet, "The Guardian of Religion"; He was an elaborate in his poetic and literary production despite his distinction and a tendency to renew; This is because "it was" was busy with his political and social battles that his bold views have gone on to the limit of recklessness, which carried some strangeness and extremism at times, and if we must not exaggerate his blame; His reign was crowned with a lot of turbulent political, social and national trends that resulted from the bad situation that the Ottoman caliphate reached from corruption and shadow, so he declared disobedience and denied many; The price of these opinions was imprisonment and exile, and this was only added to the request for freedom and hatred of tyranny.