Oceanography (seas and oceans)

The establishment of the U.

Over the last 100 years, sea level has risen approximately 12 centimeters and is expected to continue rising at an even faster rate.

The Global Ocean Observing System is a study by the Ocean Studies Board intended to provide information and advice to federal agencies (the U.

The United States faces decisions requiring information about the oceans in vastly expanded scales of time and space and from oceanic sectors not accessible with the suite of tools now used by scientists and engineers.

This book summarizes three symposia that were convened in the California, Gulf of Maine, and Gulf of Mexico regions to seek new ways to improve the use of science in coastal policymaking.

This book assesses the dimensions of our scientific knowledge as it applies to environmental problems in the coastal zone.

Tremendous changes have occurred this century in the nation's coastal habitats, in the way society views them, and in the way they are managed.

Much of the U.

Reports of closed beaches, restricted shellfish beds, oil spills, and ailing fisheries are some of the recent evidence that our marine environment is in trouble.

Commerce and the general publicespecially those living in increasingly crowded, highly developed low-lying coastal communitiesrely heavily on accurate forecasts of marine conditions and weather over the oceans to ensure the safe and productive use of the sea and coastal zone.

Understanding the ebb and flow of materials on the earth's surface is vital to comprehending environmental change.

Approximately 32.

This book presents key conclusions about the controversial killing of thousands of dolphins each year during tuna fishing in the eastern tropical Pacific.

The Bering Sea, which lies between the United States and Russia, is one of the most productive ecosystems in the world and has prolific fishing grounds.

Large ships transporting hazardous cargoes, notorious marine accidents, and damage to marine ecosystems from tanker spills have heightened public concern for the safe navigation of ships.

The pervasive, widespread problem of contaminated marine sediments is an environmental issue of national importance, arising from decades of intentionally and unintentionally using coastal waters for waste disposal.

Are the nation's ports adequate for our present and future needs?

In recent years there has been growing interest in having fisheries stakeholders involved in various aspects of fisheries data collection and experimentation.

Ocean harvests have plateaued worldwide and many important commercial stocks have been depleted.

This book reviews the performance and effectiveness of the Community Development Quotas (CDQ) programs that were formed as a result of the Sustainable Fisheries Act of 1996.

After discussions with the U.

The number of hazardous waste sites across the United States has grown to approximately 217,000, with billions of cubic yards of soil, sediment, and groundwater plumes requiring remediation.

Environmental information is important for successful planning and execution of naval operations.

Weaving a National Map draws on contributions to a September 2002 workshop and the U.

In the summer of 1803, Thomas Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark on a journey to establish an American presence in a land of unqualified natural resources and riches.

The Department of Defense is in the process of transforming the nation'sarmed forces to meet the military challenges of the 21st century.

Accurate and timely environmental information can provide a tactical advantage to U.

For the 119 species of marine mammals, as well as for some other aquatic animals, sound is the primary means of learning about the environment and of communicating, navigating, and foraging.

Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment.

Seventy percent of our blue planet is covered by oceans.

The Office of Naval Research (ONR) contracted with the Naval Studies Board (NSB) of the National Research Council (NRC) to establish a committee to review ONR's Air and Surface Weapons Technology (ASWT) program.

Sea mines have been important in naval warfare throughout history and continue to be so today.

Congress has promoted fisheries science for over a century and its involvement in fisheries management took a great leap forward with passage of the Fisheries Conservation and Management Act of 1976.

This report provides guidance to the Gulf Ecosystem Monitoring (GEM) program to help ensure that it is based on a a science plan that is robust, far-reaching, and scientifically sound.

The sea ice surrounding Antarctica has increased in extent and concentration from the late 1970s, when satellite-based measurements began, until 2015.

Gulf Coast communities and natural resources suffered extensive direct and indirect damage as a result of the largest accidental oil spill in US history, referred to as the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill.

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Sediments, ice, corals, and trees are just some of the natural storehouses of information that help tell the complicated history of Earth's climate.

The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) manages the energy and mineral resources on the outer continental shelf.

Increasing renewable energy development, both within the United States and abroad, has rekindled interest in the potential for marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) resources to contribute to electricity generation.

In May 2012, the National Park Service (NPS) asked the National Research Council to conduct a scientific review of a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) to evaluate the effects of issuing a Special Use Permit for the commercial shellfish operation in Drakes Estero for a ten year time span.

Through direct exploration of the subseafloor, U.

Climate theory dictates that core elements of the climate system, including precipitation, evapotranspiration, and reservoirs of atmospheric and soil moisture, should change as the climate warms, both in their means and extremes.

The United States has jurisdiction over 3.

The Twenty-Second Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics was held in Washington, D.

This book reviews the performance and effectiveness of the Community Development Quotas (CDQ) programs that were formed as a result of the Sustainable Fisheries Act of 1996.

The coastlines of the United States are beautiful places to live, work and play.