Economics of specific sectors

Land use is central to many of the environmental and socio-economic issues facing society today.

Over the past decades, governments have gradually adopted more rigorous environmental policies to tackle challenges associated with pressing environmental issues, such as climate change.

Swiss citizens continue to enjoy high living standards on a range of dimensions.

Au cours de la dcennie coule, l'Irlande a realis des progrs ingaux en matire de dcouplage entre les principales pressions environnementales et l'activit conomique.

Si bien la COVID-19 ha afectado a Peru de manera particularmente dura, habiendose registrado alrededor de 1,4 millones de casos hasta marzo de 2021, la pandemia ha puesto de relieve la importancia del agua y el saneamiento para la salud, el medioambiente y la economia.

This report draws on more than 1 300 government budgetary transfers and tax expenditures providing preferential treatment for the production and consumption of fossil fuels as documented in the 2020 OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels to track progress in reform of support.

This report presents the results of collaboration on improving water security in Belarus, between the beneficiary country, the OECD and its partners implementing the EU-funded European Union Water Initiative Plus project.

Based on the OECD standard methodology, the study presents quantitative estimates of government support to consumers and producers of coal, oil and related petroleum products and natural gas, and electricity and heat generated from these fossil fuels.

Natural resources, and the materials derived from them, represent the physical basis for the economic system.

Norway has made progress on the path towards green growth over the past decade.

Cette publication examine les risques associes au rejet d'azote en exces dans l'environnement (changement climatique, appauvrissement de la couche d'ozone, pollution de l'air, pollution de l'eau, perte de biodiversite, deterioration de la qualite des sols).

The OECD and the Directorate-General for Environment, the European Commission department responsible for EU policy on the environment, joined forces to examine current and future water-related financing challenges faced by EU member states.

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This report discusses the main results of a project on how an influx of funds could spur development of cleaner public transport, and reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in large urban centres in Moldova, by providing an analysis for designing a green public investment programme in this sector.

Kazakhstan has recorded impressive economic growth rates since its independence, driven mainly by export of commodities and high rate of energy use.

Land use is central to many of the environmental and socio-economic issues facing society today.

For most countries in the Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) region, mining is an important economic sector that contributes to employment and public revenue.

This report analyses planned infrastructure projects, decision-making frameworks related to infrastructure development and strategic planning documents in eight countries in Central Asia and the Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

The Convention on Biological Diversity's 15th Conference of the Parties (CBD COP15) in 2020 marks a critical juncture for one of the defining global challenges of our time: the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, which underpin nearly all of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

This report provides an assessment of the use of, and recommendations for scaling up, Nature-based Solutions to address water-related climate risks.

L'adaptation des zones ctires aux impacts du changement climatique est dsormais une urgence.

This report analyses planned infrastructure projects, decision-making frameworks related to infrastructure development and strategic planning documents in eight countries in Central Asia and the Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

The Convention on Biological Diversity's 15th Conference of the Parties (CBD COP15) in 2020 marks a critical juncture for one of the defining global challenges of our time: the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, which underpin nearly all of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The COVID-19 pandemic has acted as a magnifying glass on pressing water and sanitation challenges in African cities, stressing and widening inequalities, especially for the 56% of the urban population living in informal settlements, lacking basic handwashing facilities, and relying on public water points and shared toilets.

While COVID 19 has hit Peru particularly hard, with about 1.

L'utilisation des terres occupe une place centrale dans bon nombre des defis environnementaux et socioeconomiques d'aujourd'hui.

There is an urgent need to ensure that coastal areas are adapting to the impacts of climate change.

L'Australie est parvenue dcoupler la croissance conomique des principales pressions environnementales et a ralis des progrs remarquables dans l'extension des aires protges.

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This report presents findings from a survey on green finance conducted among 1 000 households in the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan) in 2019.

Investments in water and sanitation are a prerequisite to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular on SDG 6 ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.

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Denmark's energy and carbon intensities are among the lowest in the OECD area.

Investments in water and sanitation are a prerequisite to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular on SDG 6 ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.

This report calls for a better understanding of the effects of pharmaceutical residues in the environment, greater international collaboration and accountability distribution, and policy actions to prevent and remedy emerging concerns.

Credible statistical information can serve as a powerful tool for the Republic of Kazakhstan to plan for, and monitor progress on, its transition to a green economy.

Latvia has come a long way in improving its environmental performance and the well-being of the population.

Indonesia is the world's fourth most populated country, and the largest archipelagic one.

Brazil made significant progress in managing water resources since the adoption of the National Water Law in 1997 and the creation of the National Water and Sanitation Agency (ANA) in 2000.

This report presents OECD estimates of annual volumes of climate finance provided and mobilised by developed countries for developing countries in 2013-17.

This report discusses the main results of a project on how an influx of funds could spur development of cleaner public transport, and reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in large urban centres in Kyrgyzstan, by providing an analysis for designing a green public investment programme in this sector.

This report aims to support the development of a sound economic regulatory system for the water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector in the Republic of Moldova (hereafter "e;Moldova"e;).

This report presents a comprehensive assessment of the policy instruments adopted by the Netherlands to reach carbon neutrality in its manufacturing sector by 2050.

For most countries in the Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) region, mining is an important economic sector that contributes to employment and public revenue.

In 2018, the city of Cape Town, South Africa, was close to the "e;Day Zero"e;, requiring all taps to be shut off and citizens to fetch a daily 25 litre per person.