Genetics (non-medical)

A DNA barcode in its simplest definition is one or more short gene sequences taken from a standardized portion of the genome that is used to identify species through reference to DNA sequence libraries or databases.

Given the popularity and utility of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, yeast-based functional genomics and proteomics technologies, developed over the past decade, have contributed greatly to our understanding of bacterial, yeast, fly, worm and human gene functions.

Cytogenetic studies of malignancy have become an essential tool in the clinical management of cancer patients.

After the generation of genome sequence data from a wide variety of plants, databases are filled with sequence information of genes with no known biological function, and while bioinformatics tools can help analyze genome sequences and predict gene structures, experimental approaches to discover gene functions need to be widely implemented.

Metagenomics has proven to be a powerful tool for exploring the ecology, metabolic profiling, and comparison of complex microbial communities as well as its important applications in the mining of metagenomes for genes encoding novel biocatalysts and drug molecules for bioindustries.

RNA interference has become a key method in the suppression of gene expression and the development of therapeutic agents, yet there is still the problem of delivery, stability, and the danger of off-target effects such as the silencing of unwanted genes and activation of innate immunity.

The numerous vital applications of complementary DNA (cDNA) technology have changed dramatically as the technology has advanced over recent years.

Phytoplasmas are a group of bacteria that are capable of multiplying and causing severe diseases in a wide range of plant species and are transported between plants by insect vectors in which the bacteria can also multiply.

This volume focuses on various approaches to studying long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including techniques for finding lncRNAs, localization, and observing their functions.

The rapid pace of microRNA (miRNA) research continues to drive the advances of techniques for miRNA expression profiling, and innovative technologies that are more sensitive, specific, quantitative, and that are compatible with a wide range of biospecimens have been developed during the past few years.

Two decades have passed since trinucleotide repeat expansion was first discovered in genes responsible for certain neurological diseases.

Central to the synthesis of proteins, the performance of catalysis, and many other physiological processes, the aberrant expression of which can be linked to human diseases including cancers, RNA has proven to be key target for therapeutics as well as a tool for therapy.

As increasing global population and continuing economic development ensure the need for further production and cultivation of maize, the necessity of the application of transgenic technology to this model species and crop plant grows steadily.

The book focuses on the regulation of protein function and biological activity by the post-translational modification known as acetylation.

Despite the best efforts of many and despite landmark discoveries and experimental ingenuity, challenges in the pursuit of research related to olfactory receptors (ORs) continue to exist.

Grown exponentially by the genomic revolution, the use of the rat as a model of choice for physiological studies continues in popularity and at a much greater depth of understanding.

Significant advancements have been made in the study of chromatin structure and function over the past fifty years but none as spectacular as those made in the last decade due to the development of novel techniques and the ability to sequence large stretches of DNA.

Plant genomics is a growing and constantly evolving field of study, one which has gained much ground in past years through the development of advanced research and data management tools.

The generation of genetically modified mice is absolutely crucial to gene function studies today, primarily because mice are genetically similar to man and because gene function studies in mice are in the context of a whole organism, making them particularly useful.

Gene regulatory networks play a vital role in organismal development and function by controlling gene expression.

Since the discovery of DNA structure and throughout the ensuing "e;DNA era"e;, the field of DNA replication has expanded to cover a vast number of experimental systems.

Featuring a diverse array of model organisms and scientific techniques, Sirtuins: Methods and Protocols collects detailed contributions from experts in the field addressing this vital family of genes.

Recent efforts to characterize genetic variation in the human genome, coupled with the rapidly developing field of genomics, have lead directly to the development of new and innovative approaches to the identification of genes contributing to complex human diseases.

This book addresses cutting-edge techniques for researching transposon mutagenesis, an approach for identifying individual gene contributions to the phenotypic characteristics of a particular microorganism.

During the 20th century Xenopus has flourished as an accessible experimental model system for studying vertebrate biology.

This volume provides readers with a comprehensive review of various gene silencing methodologies and its applications.

Genetic approaches to understanding plant growth and development have always benefitted from screens that are simple, quantitative and rapid.

With the sequencing of the human genome complete, the field of proteomics, still in its early stages, has become an important and informative field of biomedical research.

Only in recent times has the possibility of growing and implanting replacement teeth, made from one's own cells, moved into the realm of realistic possibilities; however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of tooth development must be studied in a range of vertebrates, from zebrafish to mice, so that evolutionarily conserved network kernels, which will define the cellular states of generic vertebrate tooth development, can be recognized.

One of the major challenges currently facing the scientific community is to understand the function of the multitude of protein-coding genes that were revealed when the human genome was fully sequenced.

Over the last few years, the methods for analyzing cancer-related genes on a molecular level have changed rapidly.

This book, split into two volumes, presents a broad coverage of the principles and recent developments of sample preparation and fractionation tools in Expression Proteomics in general and for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) in particular.

In miRNA Maturation: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to study miRNA maturation.

?

Meiosis is one of the most critical processes in eukaryotes, required for continuation of species and generation of new variation.

Homologous recombination is important in various aspects of DNA metabolism, including damage repair, replication, telomere maintenance, and meiosis, and yeast genetics has successfully provided a framework for the mechanism of homologous recombination.

This book focuses on bioinformatics, the study of the management and analysis of information used in biological systems.

Through many recent remarkable developments, perhaps the most significant advancements in the study of transcriptional regulation are the development of genome-wide approaches for measuring gene expression, exemplified by gene chips (chip), and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (ChIP) for measuring in vivo protein-DNA interactions at any genomic loci.

Laser microdissection techniques have revolutionized the ability of researchers in general, and pathologists in particular, to carry out molecular analysis on specific types of normal and diseased cells and to fully utilize the power of current molecular technologies including PCR, microarrays, and proteomics.

Understanding gene expression and how it changes under normal and pathological conditions is essential to our understanding of the fundamentals of cell biology through to the targeted treatment of disease.

Plants have evolved an amazing array of metabolic pathways leading to molecules capable of responding promptly and effectively to stress situations imposed by biotic and abiotic factors, some of which supply the ever-growing needs of humankind for natural chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, agrochemicals, food and chemical additives, biofuels, and biomass.

This volume provides readers with a collection of the latest protocols used to study plant genome editing and trait engineering.

Filamentous fungi have long been known for their ability to produce an enormous range of unusual chemical compounds known as secondary metabolites, many of which have potentially useful antibiotic or pharmacological properties.

With the completion of a finished rice genome sequence, increasing efforts have focused on functional characterization of rice genes, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms involved in major agronomic traits (e.

The objective of this volume is to detail current technologies associated with cereal genomics, providing a valuable resource for researchers working in breeding and molecular crop improvement programs.

The ability to produce vast amounts of DNA sequence data has enabled the discovery of molecular markers in model organisms, crops, as well as orphan species making genotyping the rate limiting factor, and this volume focuses on the different markers available and the low to high throughput genotyping of these markers.

This edited book provides a comprehensive and a reliable source of information on all major areas of diatom research.

As imaging technologies and approaches have evolved, the scope of certain imaging techniques has moved far beyond the production of purely illustrative images or appealing time-lapse movies to providing the scientist with a rich range of ways to measure and quantify the biological process and outcome of gene expression.

In Gene Therapy Protocols, Volumes 1 & 2, internationally recognized investigators describe cutting-edge laboratory techniques for the study of Production and In Vivo Applications of Gene Transfer Vectors (Volume 1) and Design and Characterization of Gene Transfer Vectors (Volume 2).

This thorough volume presents a wide range of existing methods, from the very popular to the more exotic, in the area of plant genotyping.