A summary of recent developments in theoretical and experimental studies of fluctuation effects in itinerant electron magnets, focusing on novel physical phenomena: soft-mode spin fluctuations and zero-point effects, strong spin anharmonicity, magnetic frustrations in metals, fluctuation effects in Invar alloys and low-dimensional systems.
Quantum mechanical laws are well documented at the level of a single or a few atoms and are here extended to systems containing 102 to 1010 electrons - still much smaller than the usual macroscopic objects, but behaving in a manner similar to a single atom.
Optical methods for investigating semiconductors and the theoretical description of optical processes have always been an important part of semiconductor physics.
This proceedings volume contains the contributions of the speakers who attended the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "e;Perspectives, Science and Technologies for Novel Silicon on Insulator Devices"e; held at the Sanatorium Pushcha OLema, Kyiv, th Ukraine from It"e; to 15 October 1998.
Complex oxide materials, especially the ABO3-type perovskite materials, have been attracting growing scientific interest due to their unique electro-optical properties, leading to photorefractive effects that form the basis for such devices as holographic storage, optical data processing and phase conjugation.
One of the major challenges of science in the last few years of the second millennium is learning how to design materials which can fulfill specific tasks.
Any book that covers a large variety of subjects and is written by one author lacks by necessity the depth provided by an expert in his or her own field of specialization.
The Advanced Research Workshop on the Physical Properties of Semiconductor Interfaces at the Sub-Nanometer Scale was held from 31 August to 2 September, 1992, in Riva del Garda.
The publication entitled "e;Surface Studies by Scanning Tunneling Mi- Rl croscopy"e; by Binnig, Rohrer, Gerber and Weibel of the IBM Research Lab- oratory in Riischlikon in 1982 immediately raised considerable interest in the sur- face science community.
High density digital magnetic and magneto-optical storage devices are widely used in audio, video, and data processing information technology, as well as in CAD/CAM computer systems.
The development of new materials is recognized as one of the major elements in the overall technological evolution that must go on in order to sustain and even improve the quality of life for citizens of all nations.
This volume represents the primary lectures of the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on "e;Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Modern Technology,"e; which was held at Sarigerme Park (near the Dalaman Airport) on the southern Aegean shore of Turkey from August 23 to September 4, 1992.
Rapid advances are taking place in the application of density functional theory (DFT) to describe complex electronic structures, to accurately treat large systems and to predict physical and chemical properties.
It is well known that the density of molecular hydrogen can be increased by compression and/or cooling, the ultimate limit in density being that of liquid hydrogen.
Techniques for the preparation of condensed matter systems have advanced considerably in the last decade, principally due to the developments in microfabrication technologies.
Chemical relaxation spectrometry involves the application of several different relaxation techniques to investigate the kinetics and mechanisms of fast chemical reactions and also dynamic molecul- 10 ar processes that occur in liquids in the time range 1 - 10- secs.
A comprehensive collection of papers on theoretical aspects of electronic processes in simple and synthetic metals, superconductors, bulk and low-dimensional semiconductors under extreme conditions, such as high magnetic and electric fields, low and ultra-low temperatures.
The primary objective of this NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) was to present an up-to-date overview of various current areas of interest in the field of photovoltaic and related photoactive materials.
This volume contains papers presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) Photonic Crystals and Light Localization held at the Creta Maris Hotel in Limin Hersonissou, Crete, June 18-30, 2000.
As a result of the pioneering efforts of Eigen, de Maeyer, Norrish and Porter, the kinetics of fast reactions in solution can now be studied using chemical relaxation methods, as well as many other fast reactions techniques.
In the past few years it has become apparent that Fourier Trans- form infrared spectroscopy is developing into an excellent technique for solving some of the very difficult problems encountered in analytical chemistry.
It is fifteen years since Walker and Straw wrote the first edition of 'Spectroscopy' and considerable developments have taken place during that time in all fields of this expanding subject.
Rudolph Mossbauer discovered the phenomenon of recoil-free nuclear resonance fluorescence in 1957-58 and the first indications of hyperfine interactions in a chemical compound were obtained by Kistner and Sunyar in 1960.
In recent years mineralogy has developed even stronger links with solid-state chemistry and physics and these developments have been accompanied by a trend towards further quantification in the theoretical as well as the experimental aspects of the subject.
The members of the organising Committee and their colleagues have, for many years been investigating the evol- ution of the fas'cinating surface features which develop during sputtering erosion of solids.
During the last decade there has been an increasing interest in clusters and small particles because of the peculiar proper- ties induced by their large area to volume ratio.
Through numerous conversations with other synthetic chemists it became apparent that the great power of carbon nuclear magnetic resonance was being significantly underutilized.
This book summarizes the proceedings of the invited talks presented at the International Symposium of Physics and Application of Optical Solitons in Fibers held in Kyoto during November 14 to 17,1995.
PHEMT devices and their incorporation into advanced monolithic integrated circuits is the enabling technology for modern microwave/millimeter wave system applications.
It was fOlllld as long ago as 1954 that heating oxygen rich silicon to around 450(deg)C produced electrical active defects - the so called thermal donors.
This multi-author contributed volume gives a comprehensive overview of recent progress in various vibrational spectroscopic techniques and chemometric methods and their applications in chemistry, biology and medicine.
This book starts at an introductory level and leads reader to the most advanced topics in fluorescence imaging and super-resolution techniques that have enabled new developments such as nanobioimaging, multiphoton microscopy, nanometrology and nanosensors.
