Materials / States of matter

This book presents an ac count of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "e;Collective Excitations in Solids,"e; held in Erice, Italy, from June 15 to June 29, 1981.

Recently, there has been a considerable upsurge of interest in heavily doped semiconductors.

There is considerable interest, both fundamental and technological, in the way atoms and molecules interact with solid surfaces.

Cryogenics, a term commonly used to refer to very low temperatures, had its beginning in the latter half of the last century when man learned, for the first time, how to cool objects to a temperature lower than had ever existed na tu rally on the face of the earth.

Landmark contributions to science and mechanisms for the origin of the phenomena, and technology are rarely recognized at the time of reached important conclusions about the physical publication.

The present conference, the fourth successive on this subject, was organized to commemorate the 75th birthday of Professor Wtodzimierz Trzebiatowski, one of the pioneers in the field of f-electron materials structure, particularly in the magnetism of actinides.

It gives me great pleasure to learn that this book, whose ori- gin owes much to the work of American scientists and engineers on semiconductor technology, will reach American and other English- speaking readers.

Charles S.

Early in 1989, while most of us were gathered in the Mediterranean five-centuries-old city of Alacant, the idea of a school on stopping and particle penetration phenomena came to our minds.

This publication is the Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on the Dynamics of Polyatomic Van der Waals Molecules held at the Chateau de Bonas, Castera-Verduzan, France, from August 21 through August 26, 1989.

The 13th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics, organized by the National Bureau of Standards, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, and the University of Colorado, was held in Boulder, Colorado, August 21 to 25, 1972, and was sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the U.

This Proceedings is a collection of papers presented at the Third Annual Conference on Superconductivity and Applications organized by the New York State Institute on Superconductivity.

This NATO Advanced Research Workshop was held at a time when there was little consensus as to the mechanism for high temperature superconductivity, in the context of a world undergoing major changes in its political alignments and sense of the possibility for the future.

This volume comprised the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Geilo, Norway between 29 March and 9 April 1987.

This Advanced Study Institute on the Electronic Properties of Multilayers and Low Dimensional Semiconductor Structures focussed on several of the most active areas in modern semiconductor physics.

Although microwaves and coherent optics, being two of the largest and most useful branches of electrical engineering to emerge technologically, are usually considered as distinct subjects, many of the underlying fundamental principles, scientific achievements, and practical applications have common features.

Solid state physicists have long appreciated the usefulness of thermal neutron scattering in the inves- tigation of condensed matter.

Research on ferroelectricity and ferroelectric materials started in 1920 with the discovery by Valasek that the variation of spontaneous polarization in Rochelle salt with sign and magnitude of an applied electric field traced a complete and reproducible hysteresis loop.

Since 1963 the Research Materials Information Center has been answering inquiries on the availability, preparation, and properties of ultrapure inorganic research specimens.

responsibility.

It is widely recognized that an understanding of the physical and chemical properties of clusters will give a great deal of important information relevant to surface and bulk properties of condensed matter.

Diamond films grown by activated chemical vapor deposition have superlative thermal, mechanical, optical, and electronic properties combined with a very high degree of chemical inertness to most environments.

This book is based on the contributions to the 17th International School of Materials Sci- ence and Technology, entitled Nonlinear Waves in Solid State Physics.

A fundamental step towards gaining a deeper understanding of our world is to increase the resolution of the investigative instruments we use; i.

There is no doubt that we have, during the last decade, moved into a "e;golden age"e; of condensed matter science.

This volume comprises the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Science and Engineering of 1- and O-dimensional semiconductors held at the University of Cadiz from 29th March to 1st April 1989, under the auspices of the NATO International Scientific Exchange Program.

The systematic study of defects in semiconductors began in the early fifties.

The Conference on the Science and Technology of Thin Film Superconductors was conceived in the early part of 1988 as a forum for the specialist in thin film superconductivity.

This volume contains the papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop in "e;Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction and Reflection Electron Imaging of Surfaces"e; held at the Koningshof conference center, Veldhoven, the Netherlands, June 15-19, 1987.

A NATO workshop on "e;The Properties of Impurity States in Semiconductor Superlattices"e; was held at the University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom, from September 7 to 11, 1987.

This book contains the lectures delivered at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "e;Physics and Applications of Quantum Wells and Superlattices"e;, held in Erice, Italy, on April 21-May 1, 1987.

This book presents an account of the course "e;Disordered Solids: Structures and Processes"e; held in Erice, Italy, from June 15 to 29, 1987.

The application of the 111-V compound semiconductors to device fabrica- tion has grown considerably in the last few years.

The present-day semiconductor technology would be inconceivable without extensive use of Schottky barrier junctions.

The following chapters present most of the lectures delivered at the NATO Advanced Studies Institute on "e;The Physics of Super- ionic Conductors and Electrode Materials"e;, held at Odense Univer- sity's Mathematics Department between the 4th and 22nd of August, 1980.

The rapidly expanding use of very low temperatures in research and high technology during the last several decades and the concurrent high degree of activity in cryogenic engineering have mutually supported each other, each improvement in refrigeration technique making possible wider oppor- tunities for research and each new scientific discovery creating a need for a refrigerator with special features.

The solid molecular hydrogens are the simplest and most fundamental molecular solids.

This NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Geilo between March 29th and April 9th 1981, was the sixth in a series devoted to the subject of phase transitions and instabilities.

These volumes contain the invited and contributed talks of the first general Conference of the Condensed Matter Division of the European Physical Society, which took place at the campus of the University of Antwerpen (Universitaire Instelling Antwerpen) from April 9 till 11, 1980.

These volumes contain the invited and contributed talks of the first general Conference of the Condensed Matter Division of the European Physical Society, which took place at the campus of the University of Antwerpen (Universitaire Instelling Antwerpen) from April 9 till 11, 1980.

The aim of this book is a discussion, at the introductory level, of some applications of solid state physics.

This NATO Advanced Study Institute held at Gei10, Norway, April 16th-27th 1979, was the fifth in a series devoted to the subject of phase transitions and instabilities.

Since the discovery of superconductivity in 1911 by H.

Crystal defects can no longer be thought of as a scientific curiosity, but must be considered an important aspect of solid-state science.

Surface physics and chemistry have in recent years become one of the most active fields in solid state research.

The Advanced Study Institute of which this volume is the proceedings was held at the University of Exeter during 24 August to 6 September 1975.

These proceedings report the lectures and seminars presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "e;Optical Properties of Ions in Solids,"e; held at Erice, Italy, June 6-21, 1974.

We present here the transcripts of lectures and talks which were delivered at the NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE "e;Electrons in Disordered Hetals and at ~~etallic Surfaces"e; held at the State University of Ghent, Belgium between August 28 and September 9, 1978.