Mathematics and Science

The Universe would be a dull and dark place if the gaseous baryons did not cool, collapse, and form stars and galaxies.

This volume contains a selection of the papers presented at the Sixth Int- national Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling (PATAT) which was organized in Brno, Czech Republic, from August 30 to September 1 of 2006.

Modeling and computations in electromagnetics is a quite novel and growing discipline, expanding as a result of the steadily increasing demand for designing electrical devices, modeling electromagnetic materials, and simulating electromagnetic fields in nanoscale structures.

The advent of the Internet has opened up a wealth of applications, but also given rise to a host of new problems.

In 1901, Karl Pearson invented Principal Component Analysis (PCA).

The papers in this volume were presented at the 10th Workshop on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 2005).

The automatic analysis of images and signals in medicine, biotechnology, and chemistry is a challenging and demanding field.

Understanding the mechanisms involved in life (e.

We are currently witnessing a proliferation in parallel and distributed processing technologies and applications.

The book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems, DCOSS 2007, held in Sante Fe, NM, USA in June 2007.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Experimental and Efficient Algorithms, WEA 2007, held in Rome, Italy, in June 2007.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems, CPAIOR 2007, held in Brussels, Belgium in May 2007.

The QNP series of international conferences on Quarks and Nuclear Physics is by now a well established and highly respected forum where the most recent developments in the field are discussed and communicated.

The advancements of computational and informational techniques have enabled in silico testing of many lab-based experiments in life sciences before performing them in in vitro or in vivo.

In nature, sulfur occurs in many different oxidation states and is one of the most versatile elements in life.

Visualization technology has become a crucial component of medical and b- medical data processing and analysis.

The dramatically increasing requirements of mobility through road-, rail- and airborne transport systems in the future necessitate non-evolutionary impro- ments of transportation systems.

The International Conference on Life System Modeling and Simulation (LSMS) was formed to bring together international researchers and practitioners in the field of life system modeling and simulation as well as life system-inspired theory and methodology.