This volume constitutes the Proceedings of a workshop on formal seman- tics of natural languages which was held in Tiibingen from the 1st to the 3rd of December 1977.
This essay contains material which will hopefully be of interest not only to philosophers, but also to those social scientists whose research concerns the analysis of communication, verbal or non-verbal.
The aim of the first volume of the present Handbook of Philosophical Logic is essentially two-fold: First of all, the chapters in this volume should provide a concise overview of the main parts of classical logic.
The chapters in the present volume go beyond 'classical' extensional logic with respect to one important factor: they all include among the semantic constituents representations of so-called 'possible worlds'.
Recent developments in the semantics of natural language seem to lead to a genuine synthesis of ideas from linguistics and logic, producing novel concepts and questions of interest to both parent disciplines.
Probability has become one of the most characteristic con- cepts of modern culture, and a 'probabilistic way of thinking' may be said to have penetrated almost every sector of our in- tellectual life.
Stanislaw Lesniewski (1886-1939) was one of the leading Polish logicians and founders of the Warsaw School of Logic whose membership included, beside himself, Jan Lukasiewicz, Tadeusz Kotarbinski, Alfred Tarski, and many others.
cians concerned with using logical tools in philosophy have been keenly aware of the limitations that arise from the original con- centration of symbolic logic on the idiom of mathematics, and many of them have worked to create extensions of the received logical theories that would make them more generally applicable in philosophy.
Though the subject of this work, "e;nominalism and contemporary nom- inalism"e;, is philosophical, it cannot be fully treated without relating it to data gathered from a great variety of domains, such as biology and more especially ethology, psychology, linguistics and neurobiology.
The middle years of the nineteenth century saw two crucial develop- ments in the history of modern logic: George Boole's algebraic treat- ment of logic and Augustus De Morgan's formulation of the logic of relations.
The principal differences between the contemporary philosophic traditions which have come to be known loosely as analytic philosophy and phenomenology are all related to the central issue of the interplay between predication and perception.
Aristotle's modal syllogistic has been an object of study ever since the time of Theophrastus; but these studies (apart from an intense flowering in the Middle Ages) have been somewhat desultory.
This monograph grew out of research at Xerox PARC and the Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI) during the first year of CSLI's existence.
By North-American standards, philosophy is not new in Quebec: the first men- tion of philosophy lectures given by a Jesuit in the College de Quebec (founded 1635) dates from 1665, and the oldest logic manuscript dates from 1679.
This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data- processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) ani- mal, or machine.
