An introduction to Pakistan's ISI, which has been both an essential ally and problematic partner of the United StatesForged during the tumultuous aftermath of Partition in 1947, the Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (ISI) has grown to become the preeminent intelligence service in Pakistan.
In 1942, John Eppler was one of two German spies inserted behind British lines in Egypt after an epic crossing of the Western Desert organised by the Hungarian explorer Count László Almásy, Operation ‘Condor’.
Just as the old rules of conventional warfare and intelligence analysis do not apply fully in the 21st-century environment, neither does the traditional methodology of collecting intelligence on these elusive, adapting foes operating as complex adaptive systems (CAS)adversaries that excel in today's complex contexts.
In 1942, John Eppler was one of two German spies inserted behind British lines in Egypt after an epic crossing of the Western Desert organised by the Hungarian explorer Count László Almásy, Operation ‘Condor’.