The genesis of the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) upon which this volume is based, occurred during the summer of 1986 when we came to the realization that there had been significant progress during the early 1980's in the field of superconducting electronics and in applications of this technology.
Durch Reibung und Verschleiß entstehen in der Industrie erhebliche Verluste, die mit über 39 Milliarden DM pro Jahr in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland abgeschätzt werden.
In these lectures we summarize certain results on models in statistical physics and quantum field theory and especially emphasize the deep relation- ship between these subjects.
Vibronic interaction effects constitute a new field of investigation in the physics and chemistry of molecules and crystals that combines all the phenomena and laws originating from the mixing of different electronic states by nuclear displacements.
It is the objective of the series IIMaterials Research and Engineeringll to publish information on technical facts and pro- cesses together with specific scientific models and theories.
The atomic arrangements in condensed matter play an ever increasing role in many areas of science and technology - Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Physics, Geology, Biology and Electrical, Civil, Mechanidtl and Chemical Engineering.
In the past, a number of Satellite Conferences have been held in con- nection with the International Conference on Physics of Semiconductors, covering selected fields of interest.
The development of the modern theory of metals and alloys has coincided with great advances in quantum-mechanical many-body theory, in electronic structure calculations, in theories of lattice dynamics and of the configura- tional thermodynamics of crystals, in liquid-state theory, and in the theory of phase transformations.
The IUTAM Symposium on Macro- and Micro-Mechanics of High Velocity Deformation and Fracture (MMMHVDF) (August 12 - 15, 1985) was held at Science Council of Japan, under the sponsor- ship of IUTAM, Science Council of Japan, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, The Commemorative Association for the Japan World Exposition (1970), and The Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences.
This volume contains review articles which were written by the invited speak- ers of the seventh International Summer Institute in Surface Science (ISISS), held at the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee in July 1985.
Surface crystallography plays the same fundamental role in surface science which bulk crystallography has played so successfully in solid-state physics and chemistry.
This volume is based on lectures and contributed papers presented at the Eighth Course of the International School of Materials Science and Tech- nology that was held in Erice, Sicily, Italy at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture during the period 1-13 July 1985.
The present volume contains the courses given at a Summer School on "e;Magne- tic Phase Transitions"e; held at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture, at Erice (Trapani), Italy in July 1983 under the auspices of the Condensed Matter Division of the European Physical Society in their series on Materials Science and Technology.
This volume contains papers presented at the Fifth Taniguchi Symposium on the Theory of Condensed Matter, which was held between 2-5 November, 1982, at Shimoda, Japan.
The Kyoto Summer Institute 1980 (KSI '80), devoted to "e;Fundamental Physics of Amorphous Semiconductors"e;, was held at Research Institute for Fundamental Physics (RIFP), Kyoto University, from 8-11 September, 1980.
With the advent of X-ray diffraction and crystal structure determination in 1912 researchers in physics and chemistry began investigating the problem of crystal co- hesion, i.
From its early beginning before the war, the field of semiconductors has developped as a classical example where the standard approximations of 'band theory' can be safely used to study its interesting electronic properties.
It is now ten years since it was first convincingly shown that below 1 K the ther- mal conductivity and the heat capacity of amorphous solids behave in a way which is strikingly different to that of crystalline solids.
Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscop~ or lETS, provides a unique technique for electronically monitoring the vibrational modes of molecul (;5 adsorbed on a metal oxide surface.
Inelastic neutron scattering is a well established and important technique for studying the dynamical properties of condensed matter at the atomic level.
Since the discovery of the corpuscular nature of radiation by Planck more than fifty years ago the quantum theory of radiation has gone through many stages of development which seemed to alternate between spectacular success and hopeless frustration.
