Towards the Balance and Management of the Carbon Budget of the Biosphere The current state of misunderstanding of the global C cycle and our failure to resolve an issue that has been debated for 100 years (Jones and Henderson-Sellers, 1990) speaks loudly about the limitations of modem science when faced with the complexity of the biosphere.
While I was participating in the IUTAM Symposium on Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1989, I was approached by Prof.
To place this book in perspective it is useful for the reader to be aware of the recent history of the topic of underwater sound generation at the ocean surface by natural mechanisms.
The NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Coupling Processes in the Lower and Middle atmosphere held in Loen, Norway in May 1992 was, in the estimation of apparently all participants, an enormous success.
The climate of the Earth has undergone many changes and for those times when geologic data are widespread and abundant the Mesozoic appears to have been one of the warmest intervals.
Only a few laboratories in the world have taken the bold step to attempt the integration of sub-models of the climate system, the global biogeochemical cycles and the human/societal components.
Summary of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Physical Signatures of Magnetospheric Boundary Layer Processes T A POTEMRA, M I PUDOVKIN, R W SMITH, V M VASYLIUNAS and A EGELAND 451 PREFACE These proceedings are based on the invited talks and selected research reports presented at the NATO Advanced Workshop on "e;PHYSICAL SIGNATURES OF MAGNETOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER PROCESSES"e;, held at Sundvolden Hotel, Norway, 9.
Researchers in the natural sciences are faced with problems that require a novel approach to improve the quality of forecasts of processes that are sensitive to environmental conditions.
Challenging problems involvrllg jet and plume phenomena are common to many areas of fundamental and applied scientific research, and an understanding of plume and jet behaviour is essential in many geophysical and industrial contexts.
One of the most crucial but still very poorly understood topics of oceanographic science is the role of ocean processes in contributing to the dynamics of climate and global change.
The eleven papers presented in this issue are intended to provide a comprehen- sive description of the cloud systems studied during the Kleiner Feldberg experi- ment.
"e;Models are often the only way of interpreting measurements to in- vestigate long-range transport, and this is the reason for the emphasis on them in many research programs"e;.
Spatial inhomogeneity of heating of fluids in the gravity field is the cause of all motions in nature: in the atmosphere and the oceans on Earth, in astrophysical and planetary objects.
High Performance Computing in the Geosciences surveys the state of the art of programs presently being developed which require high performance computing for their implementation, provides a guide for decision making in regard to computing directions in future numerical models, and provides an overview of future developments in massively parallel processing and their implications for numerical modelling in the geosciences.
Turbulence is a dangerous topic which is often at the origin of serious fights in the scientific meetings devoted to it since it represents extremely different points of view, all of which have in common their complexity, as well as an inability to solve the problem.
The development of numerical integration techniques and the pioneering efforts of Von Neumann and his associates at the Institute for Advanced Studies (Princeton) have spurred the renewed interest of many leading fluid dynamicists and meteorologists in the theory and numerical simulation of planetary atmosphere and oceans circulations.
The rather excessive public preoccupation of the immediate past with what has been labeled the 'environmental crisis' is now fortunately being replaced by a more sus- tained and rational concern with pollution problems by public administrators, engineers, and scientists.
These proceedings are based upon the review lectures, the re- search talks and the accompanying discussion from the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "e;The Dynamical and Chemical Coupling of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere"e; held at Spatind, Norway April 12-22, 1977.
Since the first international conference on urban air quality, held at the University ofHertfordshire in 1996, significant advances have taken place in the field of urban air pollution.
This symposium continues a long tradition for IUGGjIUTAM symposia going back to "e;Fundamental Problems in Thrbulence and their Relation to Geophysics"e; Marseille, 1961.
This volume is the proceedings of a NATO-sponsored Advanced Study Institute (ASI) entitled "e;Coping with Flash Floods"e; held in Ravello, Italy on 8-17 November 1999.
Rice production is affected by changing climate conditions and has the dual role of contributing to global warming through emissions of the greenhouse gas methane.
Many satellites have recently been launched or are in preparation, which operate in the microwave to IR ranges, the main objective being to observe the earth's atmosphere or interstellar clouds.
In this book, experts in atmospheric sciences, human health, economics, social and political sciences contribute to an integrated assessment of the complex elements needed to structure air quality policy in the 21st century.
This book is intended as an introduction to radioactivity and aerosols for the scientifically literate reader who has had no previous exposure to either of these subjects.
The goals ofthe Symposium were to highlight advances in modelling ofatmosphere and ocean dynamics, to provide a forum where atmosphere and ocean scientists could present their latest research results and learn ofprogress and promising ideas in these allied disciplines; to facilitate interaction between theory and applications in atmosphere/ocean dynamics.
The NATO ARW in Irkutsk was an excellent occasion for the coming together of Eastern and Western scientists who are involved in tropospheric science; the workshop has greatly contributed to the scientific and social understanding among the participants from the many different countries.
Data assimilation is the combination of information from observations and models of a particular physical system in order to get the best possible estimate of the state of that system.
The Advanced Research Workshop entitled "e;Weakly Interacting Molecular Pairs: Unconventional Absorbers of Radiation in the At- sphere"e; was held in Abbaye de Fontevraud, France, from April 29 to May 3, 2002.
