The pre-Grouping companies were fiercely competitive and would defend any incursion by another company penetrating what they considered to be their 'territories'.
In 1832, 57 Irish Catholic workers were brought to the United States to lay one of the most difficult miles of American railway, Duffy's Cut of the Pennsylvania Railroad.
The railways around Stoke-on-Trent have always tended to be overlooked by enthusiasts as they turned their attention to the more glamorous and much busier activities around neighbouring Crewe, but interesting traffic can still be found in the area.
Growing up in north-west London in the 1950s and living alongside a busy freight line, the seed for a fascination with steam was firmly planted in the young Geoff Barker's head.
Pennsylvania Rivers and Rails focuses on the abundance of waterways and rail lines found within the borders of the second state that entered the Union on December 12, 1787.