Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades are a group of protein kinases that play a central role in the intracellular transmission of extracellular signals.
Recent work has revealed that stabilizing G-quadruplexes in telomeric DNA inhibits telomerase activity, providing impetus for the development of G-quartet-interacting drugs, while G-quartet-containing oligonucleotides have been recognized as a potent class of aptamers effective against STAT3 and other transcription factors implicated in oncogenesis, proving these guanine-quartets to be a vital and rich area for future study.
Cell-free protein expression promises to narrow the technological gap between DNA and protein technologies and provide a platform for broad application of synthetic biology principles in the Life Sciences.
A wide-ranging collection of readily reproducible methods for performing nuclear reprogramming by nuclear transfer in several different species, by fusion through both chemical treatment and electrically shocking cells, and by in vivo treatment of cells with cell extracts.
Providing experimental methods and protocols for performing pheromone research in a variety of organisms ranging from invertebrates to vertebrates, Pheromone Signaling: Methods and Protocols covers a wide spectrum of experimental approaches necessary for handling pheromone molecules, measuring receptor response and neural activation, and analyzing behavioral output.
Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis in Proteomics is an in-depth guide to the theory and practice of analyzing raw mass spectrometry (MS) data in proteomics.
Following the completion of the mouse and human genome sequences, a major challengeisthefunctionalcharacterizationofeverymammaliangeneandthedeciph- ing of their molecular interaction network.
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a relatively new separation technique suitable for handling small amounts of sample very important in bioanalytical research and in various clinical, diagnostic, genetic, and forensic applications.
The field of eukaryotic DNA repair is enjoying a period of remarkable growth and discovery, fueled by technological advances in molecular bi- ogy, protein biochemistry, and genetics.
The study of functional glycomics requires the continuous development of rapid and sensitive methods for the identification of glycan structures and integration to structure-function relationships.
Quantitative Proteomics by Mass Spectrometry, from the Methods in Molecular Biology(TM) series, is a compendium of cutting-edge protocols for quantitative proteomics, and presents the most significant methods used in the field today.
Due to its efficacy in animal models, cellular therapy using human hepatocytes is being evaluated worldwide as an alternative to organ transplantation in patients with liver-based metabolic disease and acute liver failure.
Signal transduction is the fundamental mechanism for regulation of cellular activities by environmental cues and regulatory signals, and is particularly important for plants, whose survival requires proper physiological and developmental responses to the environmental changes.
Structural genomics is a newly emerging field that has arisen following the successful footsteps of the major sequencing efforts generally bundled under the heading "e;genomics"e;.
Fundamental to the development and vital functions of organisms, the migration of motile cells due to the detection of shallow gradients of specific chemical signals in their environments, or chemotaxis, can be clearly seen as a major force in cell biology.
All three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes share a high degree of structural homology but differ in function, tissue distribution and ligand specificity.
Membrane proteins, representing nearly 40% of all proteins, are key components of cells involved in many cellular processes, yet only a small number of their structures have been determined.
As two relatively new fields of study, proteomics and nanotechnology have developed in parallel with each other to allow an increased precision in the identification of post-translational protein modifications as well as to provide a more automated isolation and detection of rare proteins in both serum and tissues.
Over the past decade, there has been an explosive development of research of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which are also known as unfolded proteins.
Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE): Digital Gene Expression Profiling facilitates the introduction of SAGE into the laboratory, and provides a framework for interpreting and comparing data derived from SAGE experiments.
Over the past thirty years, many elegant genetic and biochemical approaches have been combined in order to advance the study of protein secretion and the necessary navigation through cell membranes, yet, despite this progress, less than two hundred membrane protein structures are known, nowhere near the complete inventory that the discovered protein export systems suggest.
With the development of new quantitative strategies and powerful bioinformatics tools to cope with the analysis of the large amounts of data generated in proteomics experiments, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is making possible the analysis of proteins on a global scale, meaning that proteomics can now start competing with cDNA microarrays for the analysis of whole genomes.
Now recognized as a reservoir for growth factors and cytokines modulating cell activation status and turnover, proteoglycans have stimulated great amount of interest and research.
Not only is the quantity of life science data expanding, but new types of biological data continue to be introduced as a result of technological development and a growing understanding of biological systems.
In the early years of microarray technology, efforts were directed mainly at profiling expressed genes, while recently the microarray platform has been adapted into diverse applications directed toward the investigation of the physical genome.
Ranging from the evolution of pathogenicity to oceanic carbon cycling, the many and varied roles that bacteriophages play in microbial ecology and evolution have inspired increased interest within the scientific community.
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) field has rapidly grown in the past several years as new technologies have been developed and the older tried and true methods have been used in new ways.
The introduction of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to the analysis of peptides and proteins some 25 years ago revolutionized the biological sciences by enabling the rapid and sensitive analysis of peptide and protein structure through the exquisite speed, sensitivity, and resolution that can be easily obtained.
Plant Secondary Metabolites provides reliable assays that will equip researchers to meet the unprecedented challenge of fulfilling the huge demand for feed driven by increasing demand of animal protein in developing countries.
Given the versatile utility of the determinination of epitopes, beneficial to a wide variety of scientists from immunologists to structural biologists to biotechnologists, the need for a thorough, state-of-the-art collection of experimental protocols is clear.
The in situ hybridization and PCR technologies are now well-established molecular techniques for studying chromosomal aneuploidy and rearran- ments, gene localization and expression, and genomic organization.
A major direction in medical research leading to clinical applications targets the regulation of intracellular calcium and the various human diseases associated with an altered homeostasis of this global second messenger.
