Biochemistry

The multidisciplinary science of chemical proteomics studies how small molecules of synthetic or natural origin bind to proteins and modulate their function.

This book is intended for scientifc researchers, clinical laboratorians, clinical and translational scientists, and others interested in proteomics and biomarker discovery.

Over the last ten years, Green Fluorescent Proteins, along with the other spectral variants, have emerged from near obscurity to become a powerful and versatile tool in scientific research.

A diverse collection of state-of-the-art methods for the microscopic imaging of cells and molecules.

Even though they are present in nature, non-proteinogenic amino acids are usually defined as unnatural or non-natural.

In Protein Dynamics: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail both experimental and computational methods to interrogate molecular level fluctuations.

The transfer of hereditary information from genes to proteins is one of the essential pr- esses in all living organisms on our planet.

Immunology has made significant progress in the past decade, driven forward by rapidly advancing technology and a renewed interest in the vast realm of innate immunity.

The tissue microarray (TMA) method presents as a modern high technology, although its roots go back to the 80s when researchers frst started to combine several small pieces of tissues into so-called sausage blocks.

Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) belongs to that special category of well-established molecular biology techniques that, since their inception a few decades ago, have succeeded in keeping a prominent position within the constantly expanding list of laboratory pro- dures for biomedical research and clinical diagnostics.

Through the rapid development of proteomics methods and technologies, an enormous amount of data was created, leading to a wide-spread rethinking of strategy design and data interpretation.

Despite exciting advances in genome sequencing, isolating a protein from its expression system in its native form still presents a complex challenge.

Chloroplasts are essential for the survival and flourishing of life on Earth.

Blood science has become a cornerstone of multiple disciplines, including clinical chemistry, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring.

Molecular modeling has undergone a remarkable transformation in the last 20 years, as biomolecular simulation moves from the realm of specialists to the wider academic community.

Despite being known and studied for years, peptides have never before attracted enough attention to necessitate the invention of the term "e;peptidomics"e; in order to specify the study of the complement of peptides from a cell, organelle, tissue or organism.

Metalloproteins are involved in many key biological processes such as gas transport and metabolism, photosynthesis, cell respiration, the Krebs cycle and many other vital redox reactions.

Since the publishing of the first edition, the methodologies and instrumentation involved in the field of mass spectrometry-based proteomics has improved considerably.

Chemogenomics aims toward the systematic identification of small molecules that interact with the products of the genome and modulate their biological function.

Chemical library technologies have brought about dramatic changes in the drug discovery process, and, though still evolving, they have become an integral part of ongoing drug discovery research.

In this new volume, renowned authors contribute fascinating, cutting-edge insights into microarray data analysis.

Cultured cells have combined accessibility and the ability to expand a homogeneous cell population from a relatively limited source, thus opening up a wealth of possibilities for researchers.

Transcriptomics and proteomics, studying the profile of the expression of nucleic acids and proteins respectively, are increasingly applied to gain a mechanistic insight into a wide spectrum of investigation, and the use of expression profiling studies for the central nervous system and brain function aids in the understanding of neurodegenerative disorders and tumor development mechanisms.

Due to their versatility, along with the diminishing costs of library synthesis and the growth of commercial support, peptide microarrays will likely expand beyond being just a research tool into an adaptable and powerful platform to be harnessed for wider drug discovery and point-of-care applications.

Environmental genomics seeks to predict how an organism or organisms will respond, at the genetic level, to changes in their external environment.

Despite considerable variability within the scientific community, allosteric regulation can best be defined functionally as how a macromolecule binds one ligand differently when a second ligand is or is not pre-bound to the macromolecule, which constitutes a vital aspect of protein structure/function.

Protein microarrays have been used for a wide variety of important tasks, such as identifying protein-protein interactions, discovering disease biomarkers, identifying DNA-binding specificity by protein variants, and for characterization of the humoral immune response.

Patch Clamp Methods and Protocols surveys the typical patch clamp applications and advises scientists on identifying problems and selecting the best technique in each instance.

During recent years, research has greatly expanded our understanding of the sophisticated molecular network of responses which enable plants to develop, survive and propagate under a wide range of conditions.

It is now well established that jasmonates, originally identified as the major component of jasmine scent, play a universal role in the plant kingdom and are involved in the regulation of diverse aspects of plant biology, including growth, development, metabolism, and interaction with the environment.

Hands-on experts describe in step-by-step detail the key methodologies of contemporary peptide synthesis and illustrate their numerous applications.

Once believed to be involved mainly with energetics, including the production of ATP, knowledge of the role of redox in the control of cellular activity has been expanded over recent years.

Dictyostelium discoideum is a simple but fascinating eukaryotic microorg- ism, whose natural habitat is deciduous forest soil and decaying leaves, where the amoebae feed on bacteria and grow as independent single cells.

Lipases are the most applied enzymes in organic synthesis due to their broad substrate acceptance and because of the availability of the molecular, biochemical, themodynamical and solvent engineering tools, which allows the optimization of lipases and lipase-catalyzed reactions.

Proteins have evolved through selective pressure to accomplish specific functions.

With the rapid proliferation of RNAi applications in basic and clinical sciences, the challenge has now become understanding how components of RNAi machinery function together in a regulated manner.

Unlike detecting constitutively expressed targets, immunohistochemical detection of labile, low abundance, and short-lived signal transduction molecules can be a very difficult task.

A proven collection of readily reproducible techniques for studying amyloid proteins and their involvement in the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of amyloid diseases.

Since the discovery of DNA structure and throughout the ensuing "e;DNA era"e;, the field of DNA replication has expanded to cover a vast number of experimental systems.

Protein phosphorylation controls many basic cellular processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, metabolism, and cell death, and its study can provide key insights into the signal transduction pathways that are activated in cells in response to different stimuli, such as growth factor stimulation or exposure to toxicants.

Knowledge about protein tertiary structure can guide experiments, assist in the understanding of structure-function relationships, and aid the design of new therapeutics for disease.

The past two decades have seen an explosion in the number of research articles relating to both the physiological and pathological responses evoked by nitric oxide generation.

Remarkably, while G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly prevalent in animals and yeast, very few candidate GPCRs have been identified in plants.

Part I I wasraised in a redbrick Baltimore row housewhere summer was marked by the ti- honored ritual of firefly-chasing - a backyard tradition that has endured the gene- tions.

Over the past twenty years, the development of chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, assays has immensely enhanced the biological significance of the multifaceted DNA-binding proteins.

Display technologies have become a very powerful way of generating therapeutic lead molecules and specific reagents for increasing our understanding of biology; however, despite being first described shortly after phage display, the use of ribosome display and related methods have been much less widespread.

Chemical genomics is an exciting new field that aims to transform biolo- cal chemistry into a high-throughput industrialized process, much in the same way that molecular biology has been transformed by genomics.

Macromolecular Crystallography Protocols, now in two volumes, examines major developments that have occurred since publication of the acclaimed first edition nearly a decade ago.

Essential in biological functions like cell signaling and, when disturbed, a likely cause of disease, lipids have proven to be a vital force in cell biology.