In this monograph, nonequilibrium statistical mechanics is developed by means of ensemble methods on the basis of the Boltzmann equation, the generic Boltzmann equations for classical and quantum dilute gases, and a generalised Boltzmann equation for dense simple fluids.
Modern fracture mechanics considers phenomena at many levels, macro and micro; it is therefore inextricably linked to methods of theoretical and mathematical physics.
This book, in essence the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute with the same title, is designed to provide in-depth coverage of many, but not all, of the major current applications of superconductivity, and of many that still are being developed.
This volume is based on the lectures at the NATO Advanced Study Institute, entitled "e;Advanced Technologies Based on Wave and Beam Generated Plasmas"e;, held at Sozopol, Bulgaria, from May 22 till June 1, 1998.
The history of scientific research and technological development is replete with examples of breakthroughs that have advanced the frontiers of knowledge, but seldom does it record events that constitute paradigm shifts in broad areas of intellectual pursuit.
Most of the specialists working in this interdisciplinary field of physics, biology, biophysics and medicine are associated with "e;The International Institute of Biophysics"e; (IIB), in Neuss, Germany, where basic research and possibilities for applications are coordinated.
NMR of Ordered Liquids gives a unique overview of the scope and limitations of the NMR of oriented liquids, based on contributions from acknowledged experts in the field.
This Volume constitutes the Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on 'Scaling Laws in Ice Mechanics and Ice Dynamics', held in Fairbanks, Alaska from 13th to 16th of June 2000.
The reader shall find in the offered monograph a systematic presentation of scientific effects in the field of anisotropy studies reached by the author and his collaborators in the period of recent four decades: published and discussed in a number of papers and conference contributions.
Segregation is a pervasive phenomenon whereby a flowing granular mass consisting of particles with diverse physical properties becomes spatially inhomogeneous.
Timely information on scientific and engineering developments occurring in laboratories around the world provides critical input to maintaining the economic and technological strength of the United States.
Ongoing developments in nanofabrication technology and the availability of novel materials have led to the emergence and evolution of new topics for mesoscopic research, including scanning-tunnelling microscopic studies of few-atom metallic clusters, discrete energy level spectroscopy, the prediction of Kondo-type physics in the transport properties of quantum dots, time dependent effects, and the properties of interacting systems, e.
In the thirty years since the invention of the CO2 gas laser, the major design issue has shifted from how to obtain the desired power level to how to achieve reliable operation.
Rapid thermal and integrated processing is an emerging single-wafer technology in ULSI semiconductor manufacturing, electrical engineering, applied physics and materials science.
A wide variety of problems are associated with the flow of shallow water, such as atmospheric flows, tides, storm surges, river and coastal flows, lake flows, tsunamis.
The almost universal presence of water in our everyday lives and the very `common' nature of its presence and properties possibly deflects attention from the fact that it has a number of very unusual characteristics which, furthermore, are found to be extremely sensitive to physical parameters, chemical environment and other influences.
Supercritical fluids which are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density, are gaining increasing importance as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry.
Success in the fabrication of structures at the nanometer length scale has opened up a new horizon to condensed matter physics: the study of quantum phenomena in confined boxes, wires, rings, etc.
It is widely recognized that an understanding of the optical pro- perties of matter will give a great deal of important information re- levant to the fundamental physical properties.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR), time differential perturbed angular correlations (TDPAC), and the Mossbauer effect (ME) have been applied to the study of charge density wave (CDW) systems.
On Friday, February 20, 1980, I had the pleasure to be present at the inaugural lecture of my colleague Jan Reedijk, who had just been named at the Chair of Inorganic Chemistry of Leiden University.
The physics of transition metal oxides has become a central topic of interest to condensed-matter scientists ever since high temperature superconductivity was discovered in hole-doped cuprates with perovskite-like structures.
This book contains the papers presented at a meeting sponsored by the Colloid and Interface Science Group of the Faraday Division, Royal Society of Chemistry, which was held at Wills Hall, University of Bristol from the 14th - 16th April 1997.
An assessment of the recent achievements and relative strengths of two developing techniques for characterising surfaces at the nanometer scale: (i) local probe methods, including scanning tunnelling microscopy and its derivatives; and (ii) nanoscale photoemission and absorption spectroscopy for chemical analysis.
Diamond-based composites, with their advantages of hardness, high Young's modulus and the like, have demonstrated new and unusual features, such as stability to high temperatures and pressure shocks and a large internal surface that can be controlled to offer customised electrical, magnetic and optical properties, leading to efficient filters, absorbents, sensors and other tools for environmental control and monitoring.
These Proceedings of a NATO-ARW (HTECH ARW 96 00 52) held at the International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy from Aug 5 till Aug 9, 1996 resulted from many discussions between various workers, concerning the need for a gathering of all (if possible) who were concerned about the subject of superconductivity fluctuations in High critical Temperature Superconductors (HTS).
A detailed presentation of the physics of the various hysteresis models that are currently used to explain the magnetization reversal process, including coherent and incoherent magnetization processes, micromagnetism and its application in thin films, multilayers, nanowires, particles and bulk magnets, domain wall pinning and domain wall dynamics, and Preisach modelling.
Predicted long ago to be present on the surface of planetary bodies by theoreticians and recently shown by interplanetary spacecraft and ground- based instruments to be ubiquitous in the Solar System, ices in a broad sense have become an extremely important subject in planetary research.
Micro/nanotribology as a field is concerned with experimental and theoretical investigations of processes ranging from atomic and molecular scales to the microscale, occurring during adhesion, friction, wear, and thin-film lubrication at sliding surfaces.
A detailed study of the science, engineering and applications of terahertz technology, based on room-temperature solid-state devices, which are seen as the key technology for wider applications in this frequency range.
