Scientific research

Disparities in educational attainment among population groups have characterized the United States throughout its history.

The education system in the United States is continually challenged to adapt and improve, in part because its mission has become far more ambitious than it once was.

The past half-century has witnessed a dramatic increase in the scale and complexity of scientific research.

New legal approaches, such as the European Union's 1996 Directive on the Legal Protection of Databases, and other legal initiatives now being considered in the United States at the federal and state level, are threatening to compromise public access to scientific and technical data available through computerized databases.

The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) is the primary statistical data collection agency within the U.

This cross-disciplinary book documents the key research challenges in the mathematical sciences and physics that could enable the economical development of novel biomedical imaging devices.

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The Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) is the federal government's primary source of information on the financial condition, production practices, and resource use on farms, as well as the economic well-being of America's farm households.

The workshop was a direct outgrowth of a previous study by the CNSTAT Panel on Estimates of Poverty for Small Geographic Areas.

The final report of the National Research Council's (NRC) Panel on Statistical Methods for Testing and Evaluating Defense Systems (National Research Council, 1998) was intended to provide broad advice to the U.

Electricity is the lifeblood of modern society, and for the vast majority of people that electricity is obtained from large, interconnected power grids.

In recent years, as science becomes increasingly international and collaborative, the importance of projects that involve research teams and research subjects from different countries has grown markedly.

Every year roughly 100,000 fatal and injury crashes occur in the United States involving large trucks and buses.

The census coverage measurement programs have historically addressed three primary objectives: (1) to inform users about the quality of the census counts; (2) to help identify sources of error to improve census taking, and (3) to provide alternative counts based on information from the coverage measurement program.

Since 1968 the Elementary and Secondary School Civil Rights Compliance Report (known as the ES survey) has been used to gather information about possible disparities in access to learning opportunities and violations of students' civil rights.

Recent rough estimates are that the U.

The Panel on Statistical Methods for Testing and Evaluating Defense Systems had a broad mandateto examine the use of statistics in conjunction with defense testing.

To derive statistics about crime to estimate its levels and trends, assess its costs to and impacts on society, and inform law enforcement approaches to prevent it - a conceptual framework for defining and thinking about crime is virtually a prerequisite.

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Questions about the reproducibility of scientific research have been raised in numerous settings and have gained visibility through several high-profile journal and popular press articles.

With the amount of data in the world exploding, big data could generate significant value in the field of infectious disease.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)recognizing that information and insights gained through continual examination of practices for organizational assessment are useful for decision makers at organizations across the deferral, industrial, academic, and national laboratory sectors-recently requested that the National Research Council (NRC) organize a panel to review best practices in assessment of research and development (R&D) organizations.

The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) of the U.

The Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) is the federal government's primary source of information on the financial condition, production practices, and resource use on farms, as well as the economic well-being of America's farm households.

People's bonds, associations and networks - as well as the civil, political, and institutional characteristics of the society in which they live - can be powerful drivers affecting the quality of life among a community's, a city's, or a nation's inhabitants and their ability to achieve both individual and societal goals.

The National Childrens Study (NCS) is planned to be the largest long-term study of environmental and genetic effects on childrens health ever conducted in the United States.

Since the early days of the nation, the federal government has collected information on the revenues, expenditures, and other features of state and local jurisdictions and their operations.

Two surveys of the National Science Foundation's Division of Science Resources Statistics (SRS) provide some of the most significant data available to understand research and development spending and policy in the United States.

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Two surveys of the National Science Foundation's Division of Science Resources Statistics (SRS) provide some of the most significant data available to understand research and development spending and policy in the United States.

To derive statistics about crime to estimate its levels and trends, assess its costs to and impacts on society, and inform law enforcement approaches to prevent it a conceptual framework for defining and thinking about crime is virtually a prerequisite.

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Drawing on the findings of sector-specific workshops, e-mail surveys, research literature,expert testimony, and committee and panel members' expertise, this NationalAcademy of Engineering study assesses the qualitative impact of academic researchon five industriesnetwork systems and communications; medical devices andequipment; aerospace; transportation, distribution, and logistics services; and financialservices.

Since 1968 the Elementary and Secondary School Civil Rights Compliance Report (known as the ES survey) has been used to gather information about possible disparities in access to learning opportunities and violations of students' civil rights.

Reliable and valid forensic science analytic techniques are critical to a credible, fair, and evidence-based criminal justice system.

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Imagine sending a magazine article to 10 friends-making photocopies, putting them in envelopes, adding postage, and mailing them.

In the early 1990s, the Census Bureau proposed a program of continuous measurement as a possible alternative to the gathering of detailed social, economic, and housing data from a sample of the U.

In 2012, the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) approached the National Research Council's TIGER standing committee and asked it to develop a list of workshop topics to explore the impact of emerging science and technology.

Following several years of testing and evaluation, the American Community Survey (ACS) was launched in 2005 as a replacement for the census "e;long form,"e; used to collect detailed social, economic, and housing data from a sample of the U.

The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) is responsible for the stewardship of the nation's living marine resources and their habitat.

Publicly available statistics from government agencies that are credible, relevant, accurate, and timely are essential for policy makers, individuals, households, businesses, academic institutions, and other organizations to make informed decisions.

The census coverage measurement programs have historically addressed three primary objectives: (1) to inform users about the quality of the census counts; (2) to help identify sources of error to improve census taking, and (3) to provide alternative counts based on information from the coverage measurement program.

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) of the National Science Foundation is responsible for national reporting of the research and development (R&D) activities that occur in all sectors of the United States economy.

The financial reform plans currently under discussion in the United States recognize the need for monitoring and regulating systemic risk in the financial sector.

The scientific research enterprise is built on a foundation of trust.

It has been clear for at least 50 years the disadvantages that small businesses face in competing for U.

The National School Lunch Program and the School Breakfast Program, administered by the Food and Nutrition Service of the U.

The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel Readiness), referred to throughout this report as PR, is responsible for the total force management of all Department of Defense (DoD) components including the recruitment, readiness, and retention of personnel.