Medical research

Non-clinical drug safety evaluation, the assessment of the safety profile of therapeutic agents through the conduct of laboratory studies in in vitro systems and in animals, is an essential step in the progress of new pharmaceuticals heading toward the ultimate goal of clinical trials and, eventually, approval.

Affecting approximately twenty percent of the world population, mood and anxiety disorders have been the subject of ever-increasing research.

Two decades have passed since trinucleotide repeat expansion was first discovered in genes responsible for certain neurological diseases.

Clinical epidemiology provides the scientific basis for the practice of medicine due to its focus on the diagnosis, prognosis and management of human disease using appropriate research design, measurement and evaluation.

This volume describes state-of-the-art protocols that serve as "e;recipes"e; for scientists concentrating on fibrosis research.

Over the last decade the development of new molecular biology tools, advanced microscopy, live imaging and systems biology approaches have revolutionized our conception of how embryonic development proceeds.

The liver is responsible for a wide range of critical functions essential to life, and is composed of several different cell types.

Despite the many milestones in cystic fibrosis (CF) research, progress toward curing the disease has been slow, and it is increasingly difficult to grasp and use the already wide and still growing range of diverse methods currently employed to study CF so as to understand it in its multidisciplinary nature.

In recent decades, infectious diseases, once believed to be fairly contained, have become a vital, resurgent field of research.

Hormone measurement is necessary for the diagnosis of a wide range of clinical conditions and is essential for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment.

The third edition of this book provides a large number of laboratory protocols that are intended for basic and clinical bone researchers.

This detailed volume covers molecular biology, cellular biology, biomarkers, imaging, and neuropathological methods and techniques to explore multiple sclerosis (MS), with a special emphasis on disease models.

This volume not only discusses various common biobanking topics, it also delves into less-discussed subjects such as what is needed to start a biobank, training of new biobanking personnel, and ethnic representation in biospecimen research.

Androgens play a critical role in the development and maintenance of the male reproductive system and affect important physiological processes and pathological conditions, including the homeostasis of the normal prostate and prostate cancer.

Due to the rising threat of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections, methods to study the biology of the mycobacteria and to improve diagnostic, therapeutic and preventative reagents are still very much in need.

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) has developed rapidly in the last four decades.

This book provides a practical guide to current methods for profiling and interpreting genomic alterations in tumors.

Our understanding of the apoptotic pathway and its regulation has improved significantly in the last 10 years.

This volume explores experimental approaches used to study Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked degenerative skeletal muscle disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene.

This volume provides methods to study bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and BMP modulators in cell culture, in both invertebrate and vertebrate animal models, and for therapeutic applications.

Recent critical advances in the field of immunotoxicology have led to incredible contributions to basic science, including crucial improvements in human risk assessment.

This volume explores disease diagnosis and therapy in developing theranostics.

Infection by flaviviruses such as dengue virus serotypes (DENV 1-4), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE), yellow fever virus (YFV) and West Nile virus (WNV) impact millions of lives and cause tens of thousands of mortalities each year.

The advancements of medical technology, improvements in medical care, and increased patients' life span make pain research and related drug development high priorities for both the research community and pharmaceutical companies.

The aim of Single Cell Diagnostics: Methods and Protocols is for all readers to extend their knowledge and expertise in analysis of single cells.

Methods in Membrane Lipids presents a compendium of methodologies for the study of membrane lipids, varying from traditional lab bench experimentation to computer simulation and theoretical models.

According to the most recent clinical oncology data, one out of seven newly diagnosed malignancies worldwide result from infection and chronic inflammation in conjunction with cancer.

Over the past decades, the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases have been benefited significantly from intensive research activities.

Enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) has been known for some time as a unique state-of-the-art technique for studying the cytokine-secreting activity of immune system cells, and it appears to be one of the fast growing applications in biomedical research, becoming an indispensable tool in vaccine development, HIV research, transplantation studies, and cancer and allergy research.

Biological interactions of visible light with photosensitizers have been studied for over a century while controlled clinical applications of light and photosensitizers to treat solid tumors, known as photodynamic therapy, have been evolving since the mid 1970's.

The avian influenza (AI) virus, which is the type A influenza virus adapted to an avian host, has been an important pathogen for the poultry industry worldwide for many years.

Since the publication of the popular first edition, the explosion of DNA sequence information, the access to bioinformatics and mutation databases coupled with the ability to readily detect and confirm mutations has cemented the role of molecular diagnostics in medicine and, in particular, mutation detection by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

sCongenital heart disease is the leading cause of infant death and affects approximately one in every 100 babies born in the United States.

This book reviews the application of Nanobiotechnology in the development of Nanomedicine, while also discussing the latest trends and challenges in the clinical translation of Nanomedicine.

As the expense of treating a growing number of end-stage kidney disease patients increases, greater attention has been paid to prevention and early treatment.

This second edition expands upon the previous volume with additional emphasis on recent innovation in basic renal research and has a more holistic approach on associated disorders such as complications associated with peritoneal dialysis, ischemic acute kidney injury, the sympathetic nervous system, and vascular calcification.

Molecular biology has transformed prenatal diagnosis because it permits an accurate diagnosis to be made from very small quantities of fetal material, even single cells.

Histopathology: Methods and Protocols provides a comprehensive guide to the current issues in histopathology.

Reflecting the development of powerful new tools and high-throughput methods to analyze adenoviral particles and their interactions with host cells, the third edition of Adenovirus Methods and Protocols calls upon experts in the field to convey advances in molecular biology, genomics and proteomics, imaging, and bioinformatics.

Recent advances in molecular and cellular biology techniques have significantly improved our ability to detect, monitor, model and study the underlying molecular basis and pathogenesis of leukemia, yet we are still in an early discovery stage and much more work is needed in order to develop better strategies to diagnose, classify and treat this biologically and clinically diverse disease.

This volume provides methods and approaches to study genetic and environmental regulatory controls on odontogenesis.

In recent years, molecular imaging techniques have grown to be invaluable tools for molecular biology research and, to a more modest extent, clinical medicine.

In past decades, the area of bioinformatics has proved to be both dynamic and vital, producing a wide spectrum of novel approaches and assuming an increasingly important role in modern bio-technological development.

In the last decade, a large number of major discoveries have shed light on the molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte migration and the anatomy of immune responses.

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The sustained skin research efforts over the past decades has led to the accumulation of a significant collection of information on skin structure and physiology as well as on the pathogenesis of cutaneous diseases.

A versatile collection of readily reproducible cell-cell interaction assays for uncovering cellular interactions at the molecular level, both in vitro and in vivo.

Presenting the most up-to-date techniques for the detection, genotyping, and investigation of methicillin-resistant S.

Autophagy and phagocytosis are distinct yet partially morphologically similar processes.