Coronaviruses were recognized as a group of enveloped, RNA viruses in 1968 and accepted by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses as a separate family, the Coronaviridae, in 1975.
The recent developments in modern vaccinology are mainly based on: (i) cloning of microbial genes into recombinant vectors containing genetic information for expression of desired neutralizing immunogens; (ii) alternatives of attenuated vectors with deleted genes permitting the insertion of several foreign genes expressing antigens exposed to the host immune system during the abortive replication of such vectors; (iii) combined vaccines with the aim to protect against many diseases with a limited number of administrations; (iv) evidence demonstrating the ability of animals to respond serologically to DNA injections considered as a potential method of vaccination; (v) the possibility to manipulate the immune system with new and improved immunomodulators enhancing the immune response; and (vi) new microcarrier systems for particular immunogens or immunomodulators delivery, either in a single dose or sustained release, and presentation to the immune system for a relevant response.
Biotechnology is a word that was originally coined to describe the new processes which could be derived from our ability to manipulate, in vitro, the genetic material common to all organisms.
The past decade has witnessed an explosion of information on the molecular biology of insect viruses and a frenzy of activity in applying this information to medicine and agriculture.
This fifth volume in the series The Plant Viruses, dealing with viruses with bipartite genomes, completes the coverage of viruses with isometric parti- cles and genomes consisting of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA: viruses that have tripartite and monopartite genomes of this kind were dealt with in Volumes 1 and 3, respectively.
Presenting the basic concepts and clinical implications of respiratory infection, with special emphasis on the role of the immune system, the field's leading researchers contribute detailed chapters on most of the major pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
The Third International Conference on Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, and Pasteurella (HAP94) was held in July and August at the Edinburgh Conference Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Noted experts survey and evaluate the latest research in the growing field of endothelial cell involvement in the initiation and development of various diseases.
It is now just 20 years since Gomatos and his co-workers at the Rocke- feller University showed that the nucleic acid in reovirus particles is double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).
This book offers a basic understanding of the complex mechanisms that protect the brain from harmful substances while still allowing for essential functions such as nutrient transport and waste removal.
This book provides up-to-date information on the molecular diagnosis of viral diseases, including COVID-19, zika virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), viral hepatitis, meningitis, and human papilloma virus (HPV).
Offering vital tools for working with 4- to 18-year-olds in a wide range of settings, this book presents engaging cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) activities that can be implemented rapidly and flexibly.
Wie Patient:innen besser schlafen lernenRelevanz: Über die Hälfte der Patient:innen mit psychischen und körperlichen Erkrankungen leiden unter insomnischen BeschwerdenGrundlagen und Praxis: Einführung zu Schlaf und Insomnie sowie zur Kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie für Insomnie (KVT-I), Anleitung zur einfachen Umsetzung im klinischen AlltagOnline: ArbeitsmaterialienDas verhaltenstherapeutische Behandlungsprogramm SCHLAFexperte zielt darauf ab, psychisch oder körperlich erkrankte Patient:innen in die Lage zu versetzen, ihren Schlaf selbst zu verbessern.
Updated and much expanded, the Second Edition of Parasitic Protozoa is designed to be useful to physicians, veterinarians, and research scientists concerned with diseases caused by protozoa in man, and in domestic and wild animals including fish, mollusks and insects, as well as the more commonly considered vertebrate animals.
Plant Diseases: Epidemics and Control provides a description of the methods of epidemiological analysis based on infection rates and the relation between the amount of inoculum and the amount of disease it produces.
Essential for the laboratory, this practical manual presents a wide variety of techniques associated with the use of human CNS tissue obtained at autopsy.
This book provides a concise but comprehensive description of human infectious diseases due to microbial pathogens, from a physicians and a microbiologists point of view, as well as providing an understanding of the use of microbial pathogens as biological weapons.
An accessible and enjoyable introduction to pathology and the mechanisms of disease, this book puts pathology into its historical, scientific and clinical context.
An accessible and enjoyable introduction to pathology and the mechanisms of disease, this book puts pathology into its historical, scientific and clinical context.
When the first edition of this pioneering text was published, only a few dermatologists were trained to utilize the dermatoscope for the diagnosis and follow-up of hair diseases.
Although there are a number of excellent current reviews on one or another aspect of cytomegalovirus, the last comprehensive treatment of this subject was that of Krech et al.
