Other technologies and applied sciences

NASA's Human Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS) program within the Office of Space Flight has proposed a new framework for space technology and systems developmentAdvanced Systems, Technology, Research, and Analysis (ASTRA) for future space flight capabilities.

In 2003, Congress directed the Secretary of Transportation to establish the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NGATS) Joint Planning and Development Office (JDPO) to plan the development of an air transportation system capable of meeting potential air traffic demand for 2025.

The Earth is a dynamic planet whose changes and variations affect our communications, energy, health, food, housing, and transportation infrastructure.

Naval Analytical Capabilities assesses current Department of Defense initiatives and the Department of the Navy's progress in transitioning from a requirements-based to a capabilities-based organization.

The availability of land bases from which to launch and maintain military, diplomatic, and humanitarian relief operations is becoming increasingly uncertain because of physical or political constraints.

Both the President's commission on how to implement the President's space exploration initiative and Congress asked the NRC undertake an assessment and review of the science proposed to be carried out under the initiative.

In January 2004, President Bush announced a new space policy directed at human and robotic exploration of space.

The Space Communications Office (SCO) at NASA has two primary roles.

Rocket and air-breathing propulsion systems are the foundation on which planning for future aerospace systems rests.

Recent spacecraft and robotic probes to Mars have yielded data that are changing our understanding significantly about the possibility of existing or past life on that planet.

This volume includes 16 papers from the National Academy of Engineering's 2005 U.

The U.

In 2003, NASA began an R&D effort to develop nuclear power and propulsion systems for solar system exploration.

In 2000, the nations next-generation National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) program anticipated purchasing six satellites for $6.

The Workshop on Decadal Science Strategy Surveys was held on November 14-16, 2006, to promote discussions of the use of National Research Council (NRC) decadal surveys for developing and implementing scientific priorities, to review lessons learned from the most recent surveys, and to identify potential approaches for future surveys that can enhance their realism, utility, and endurance.

The astronomy science centers established by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to serve as the interfaces between astronomy missions and the community of scientists who utilize the data have been enormously successful in enabling space-based astronomy missions to achieve their scientific potential.

The search for life in the solar system and beyond has to date been governed by a model based on what we know about life on Earth (terran life).

Three recent developments have greatly increased interest in the search for life on Mars.

With the end of the Cold War, the Department of Energy is engaged in a review of its policies regarding the classification of information.

This book assesses the state of practice and use of ship-bridge simulators in the professional development and licensing of deck officers and marine pilots.

The United States faces decisions requiring information about the oceans in vastly expanded scales of time and space and from oceanic sectors not accessible with the suite of tools now used by scientists and engineers.

In 2006, the NRC published a Decadal Survey of Civil Aeronautics: Foundation for the Future, which set out six strategic objectives for the next decade of civil aeronautics research and technology.

In January 2004, President George W.

In January 2004 NASA was given a new policy direction known as the Vision for Space Exploration.

In 2000, the nation's next-generation National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) program anticipated purchasing six satellites for $6.

The adverse effects of extreme space weather on modern technologypower grid outages, high-frequency communication blackouts, spacecraft anomaliesare well known and well documented, and the physical processes underlying space weather are also generally well understood.

The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program is one of the largest examples of U.

Since the beginning of space flight, the collision hazard in Earth orbit has increased as the number of artificial objects orbiting the Earth has grown.

To begin implementation of the Vision for Space Exploration (recently renamed United States Space Exploration Policy), NASA has begun development of new launch vehicles and a human-carrying spacecraft that are collectively called the Constellation System.

To meet the objectives of the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE), NASA must develop a wide array of enabling technologies.

ITAR, which controls defense trade, includes the U.

Principal Investigator-Led (PI-led) missions are an important element of NASA's spacescience enterprise.

The Space Studies Board of the National Research Council (NRC) serves as the primary adviser to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on planetary protection policy, the purpose of which is to preserve conditions for future biological and organic exploration of planets and other solar system objects and to protect Earth and its biosphere from potential extraterrestrial sources of contamination.

For the past three decades, it has been possible to measure the earth's static gravity from satellites.

Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space was written in response to a request from NASA's Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications (OLMSA) to evaluate its Advanced Human Support Technology Program.

This book documents electric power requirements for the dismounted soldier on future Army battlefields, describes advanced energy concepts, and provides an integrated assessment of technologies likely to affect limitations and needs in the future.

The cornerstone of chemical and biological defense strategy is protection (i.

Technology has propelled the atmospheric sciences from a fledgling discipline to a global enterprise.

During 1988, the National Research Council's Space Science Board reorganized itself to more effectively address NASA's advisory needs.

Comets and asteroids are in some sense the fossils of the solar system.

The U.

Extending the life of an airframe has proven challenging and costly.

One of the highest-priority activities in the planetary sciences identified in published reports of the Space Studies Board's Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX) and in reports of other advisory groups is the collection and return of extraterrestrial samples to Earth for study in terrestrial laboratories.

The safety of the nation's drinking water must be maintained to ensure the health of the public.

Ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames from matches, cigarette lighters, and candles is one of the leading causes of residential-fire deaths in the United States.

Network-Centric Naval Forces: A Transition Strategy for Enhancing Operational Capabilities is a study to advise the Department of the Navy regarding its transition strategy to achieve a network-centric naval force through technology application.

This workshop report examines the capability of the forecast system to efficiently transfer weather and climate research findings into improved operational forecast capabilities.

The 1998 Committee on Space Biology and Medicine (CSBM) report A Strategy for Research in Space Biology and Medicine in the New Century assessed the known and potential effects of spaceflight on biological systems in general and on human physiology, behavior, and performance in particular, and recommended directions for research sponsored over the next decade by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Currently, the Departments of Defense (DOD) and Commerce (DOC) acquire and operate separate polarorbiting environmental satellite systems that collect data needed for military and civil weather forecasting.